2i6 the botanical exchange club of the BRITISH ISLES. 
Geranium hicidum, L. Llanilar, Cardiganshire, 29th June 
1906. New County Record — W. H. Painter. 
Tilia cordaia, Mill. Leaves from stump-shoots ; and fruit, 
King’s Wood, near Yatton, N. Somerset, 19th Sept. 1906. When 
underwood is cut in the old limestone woods below Bristol the 
stumps quickly produce an abundance of strong succulent shoots. 
These, in the earlier years of their growth, whether they be oak, 
hazel, aspen or lime, bear leaves of unusual size and shape. In the 
case of the two last mentioned trees the difference in area, outline, 
and texture between these stump-shoot leaves and ordinary foliage 
is so great that the former would hardly be recognized if the con- 
ditions that produced them were not known. I send herewith 
examples from T. cordata stumps in illustration. Most of them are 
5 — 7 inches in length and nearly as broad. They several times 
exceed their petioles, in contradiction to one of the main characters 
that distinguish the species. There is, moreover, an exaggeration of 
toothing and of basal one-sidedness, besides the attenuation into an 
acuminate point which makes the leaf longer than broad, whereas 
the length of a typical adult leaf is commonly less than the breadth. 
This attenuation into a long point is also well marked in the stump- 
shoot leaves of Populus tremula, which make a still greater contrast 
with the sub-orbicular normal leaves of that tree. I think one must 
assume that these are examples of hypertrophy due to an excessive 
supply of water and food-material under pressure. When a tree is 
coppiced, the stump is so surcharged with sap that many adventitious 
buds form along the vitally active cambium layer ; and these buds, 
stimulated by the concentrated nutriment available, develope into 
vigorous shoots bearing abnormal leaves. As the shoots lengthen 
year by year the hypertrophy diminishes until the bush once more 
attains full stature, and it then bears only typical foliage. It has 
been said that the small-leaved Lime produces fruit but rarely, and 
a walk through our woods might support that idea. The fact is, 
however, that this tree does not flower until of good age, and that it 
is often coppiced before reaching that age. Older trees as well as 
coppice- bushes that escape the usual fate of underwood for a 
sufficient time flower freely and bear plenty of fruit. — Jas. W. 
White. 
Ulex Gallii, Planch., var. humilis, Planch. On the rocks at 
Derrynane, Kerry, also seen at Roundstone, Galway, and at L’Etac, 
Jersey. New to Ireland and the Channel Isles, Sept. 1906. 
The gorgeous display of colour afforded by U. Gallii in the last 
sunny September on the West coast of Ireland will be an abiding 
memory. — G. Claridge Druce. 
Medicago tribuloides, Desr. Plentiful in one place, Shoreham 
Beach, W. Sussex, v.-c. 13, June 1906. — T. Hilton. 
