AVES. 
55 
This work scarcely comes within the domain of zoological literature, as 
that is commonly accepted ; nevertheless we do not hesitate to quote its 
title — if only for the sake of the carefully prepared list of works bearing on 
the subject with which it begins. \^Cf. Zool. Garten, 1869, pp. 319, 320; 
Ibis, 1760,’ pp. 130, 131.] 
Selenka, Emil. [See General Subject/^] 
Tobias, Louis. Ueber das Ausstossen der inneren Magenhaut 
bei den Vogeln. Zoolog. Garten, 1869, pp. 189, 190. 
This peculiarity observed in Sturmts vulgaris, Strix noctua, and other birds. 
\ Cf. op. cit. 1865, p. 396; videetiam infrh, '^Bucerotidoe.”] 
VoiT, — . Observations sur Tablation des hemispheres cere- 
braux des pigeons. Institut, no. 1828, 12 Jan. 1869; 
Ann. Sc. Nat. 5e ser. xi. pp. 90-92. 
A translation of the paper noticed last year (Zool. Bee. v. p. 61). 
Watson, Morrison. On the Mechanism of Perching in Birds. 
Journ. Anat. and Physiol. May 1869, pp. 379-384. 
By experiment the author discovered that the faculty of perching is not 
due to the action of the rectus femoris muscle, as has generally been supposed, 
and that it is indeed wanting in many birds (Turdus, Pica, and Siurnus) 
which habitually perch, while it is present in several which do not do so. 
The true explanation of the faculty is believed to be due to the peculiar 
arrangement of certain other muscles, the biceps, Jlexor perforatus digiforum, 
jiexor longus pollicis, and especially tibialis anticus, which is described at some 
length. 
PTEBOLOGY. 
Forel, F. a. " Faux albinisme de trois jeunes Cygnes de 
Morges en 1868. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sc. Nat. x. no. 61, 
1869."" Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1869, pp. 334, 335. 
Of this paper we have only seen the abstract quoted ; the particulars are 
given under Anatidce and Podicipidcc. 
Layard, E. L. Letter on variation of plumage in Birds. Ibis, 
1869, pp. 458-460. 
Contains particulars of a good many instances of melanism, albinescence, 
and other variations, which the author attributes generally to old age. 
NEOSSOLOGY. 
Bettoni, Eugenio. Storia Naturale degli Uccelli die nidi- 
ficano in Lombardia, &c. [See PalvEarctic Region.""] 
The young of Enneoctonus collurio, Accipiter nisus, Genntxus nycthemerus, 
Thaumalea picta, Phasiamts colchicus, Saxicola cenanthe, Alauda arborea, 
Alanda arvensis, Budytes Jlava [sc. boarxdd], Anthus spinoletta, Cxjpselus melba, 
Geemus viridis, Chelidon urbica, Pratincola rubicola \cf. Ibis, 1870, p. 167], 
Hortulanus cldorocephalujs, Butalis grisoln, Acanthis linaria, Coccothraustes 
vulgaris, Accentor alpinus, Fulica atra, and Syrnium aluco are figured. 
