118 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Elapa hatesii (Gthr.)=^. imperator (Cope), Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 
1869, p. 156. 
Elapa scutiventriSf sp. n., Cope, 1. c., Pehas. 
Callophis, Dr. Meyer has discovered extremely large poison-glands in C. 
intestinalis and C. hivirgatua ; they extend far into the abdominal cavity. 
Monatsher. Ak. Wiss. Berl. 1869, pp. 193-216, pis. 1 & 2 (also in Wiegm. Arch. 
1869, pp. 224-246). He enters on this occasion into the history of the poison- 
apparatus of snakes generally. [The Recorder may add that Dr. Meyer has 
since examined the other species of Callophis and some other allied Ophidians, 
without finding the glands unusually developed.] 
Prof. Reinhardt has examined Callophis gracilis and C. rnacclellandii, 
which have the glands of the usual size. Vid. Meddel. ntrh. Foren. Kjobnh. 
f. 1869, pp. 117-120. 
Vermicdla lunulata is described as a new species from the Upper Burdekin 
by Mr. Kreffl, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 320, figs. 6 & 6 j or Snakes of Austral, 
p. 79, pi. 12. fig. 14. [ V. bei'tholdi (Jan) is not mentioned by Mr. Krefft.] 
Atractaspis fallax. Head figured by Peters in Von der Decken’s Reisen, 
Amphib. taf. 1. fig. 3. 
Trigonocephalus arhoreus, sp. n.. Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 1869, p. 157, 
Bahia. — Trigonocephalus pvhescenSf sp. n.. Cope, 1. c., Rio Grande do Sul. 
Dr. Strauch^s Synopsis of Viperida (Mem. Ac. Sc. St. 
Petersb. xiv. no. 6) is a very careful monograph of the snakes of 
this group. The author revises critically the divisions proposed 
by his predecessors for the venomous snakes, and adopts finally 
that proposed by Wiegmann as the only one which is based on 
generally true characters. In the Viperidse he admits three 
genera only. Viper a, Echis, and Atheris, the first with 17, the 
second with 2, and the third with 3 species. The synonymy, 
descriptive part, and geographical distribution of the species are 
very industriously worked out j and synoptical tables facilitate 
their determination. General remarks on the distribution of 
the Viperidse in the eastern hemisphere, and of the venomous 
snakes over the earth's surface generally, conclude this me- 
moir. A list of the examples in the St. Petersburg Museum is 
added. 
Vipera xanthina and persica figured by Strauch, 1. c. pis. 1 & 2. 
Echis carinaia= ai'enicola, Gunther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 502. 
Batrachia salientia. 
Prof. Peters states that the collection of the Berlin Museum 
contains 325 species (Monatsher. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1869, 
p. 447). 
Mr. St. G. Mivart (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 280) has pro- 
posed a classification of the tailless Batrachians, which, as the 
author says, is derived from, and in all the most important points 
agrees with, that of Dr. Gunther, but which differs from it in 
certain minor respects, while it adopts from the labours of Mr. 
