178 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
is to describe a modification by himself of an instrument con- 
structed by Pacini in 1863, which, though a little more compli- 
cated than Schiner's, has the advantage of combining all the 
properties of an ordinary, solar, or photographic microscope, 
together with greater ease when used for designing, as the focus 
can be readily ascertained and varied, a tube and prism being 
added to the main body of the instrument, which is virtually 
constructed on the same principle as Schiner^s. 
ScHiNER, J. R. Ueber einen neuen Zeichnungs-Apparat. Verb, 
zool.-bot. Gesellsch. in Wien, Band xix. pp. 3-8. (Supple- 
ment. Ueber meinen mikroskopischen Zeiclmen-Apparat. 
L. c, pp. 733-734.) 
The author, after referring to the method used by Winnertz, 
and Fraunenfeld^s more complicated modifications of it, describes 
his own very simple apparatus, which practically consists of a 
reversal of the ordinary method of observation. His instrument 
consists of a dark chamber formed by a flat box of which the 
front side is removed and in the middle of the top of which is a 
large round hole. To this hole a cone or funnel is fitted, having 
a diaphragm in its middle, and the object-glass of a microscope 
(or other modifications of magnifying-power) fitted to its apex, 
the remainder being the stand of a simple microscope turned 
upside down, and fixed by the usual moveable arm to the object- 
glass. The ordinary bottom reflector is thus at the top, and 
throws the light from a lamp on the object to be designed, which 
is on the usual stage j the magnified image thus being thrown 
down the cone and through the diaphragm, and finally resting 
on the bottom of tlie dark chamber. Schiner gives a figure of 
the whole apparatus. 
SiiiMER, II. Insects injurious to the Potato. The American 
Naturalist, hi. pp. 91-99. 
The author treats of the same species as those described and 
figured in Riley’s First Report of Noxious Insects of Missouri, 
1869, and reproduces figures from the ^American Entomologist’ 
(also utilized in Riley’s Report) . He differs from W alsh and Riley 
in his estimate of the value of the insect enemies of the Potato- 
bug,” and thinks climatic influence the only important check. 
Snellen van Vollenhoven, S. C., and De Selys Longchamps, 
E. Recherches sur la Faune de Madagascar, &c., partie, 
ire liyj. Leyden, 1869, pi. 1, 3. 
Contains a list of insects of different orders found by Pollen 
and Van Dam at Reunion, the Coraorres and Madagascar, with 
descriptions and figures of new species. 
Speyer, A. Nachtrag zu den Bemerkungen fiber den Herma- 
phroditismus dcr Inscctcn. Stettin, entom. Zeit. xxxi. 1870 
(but published in Nov. 1869), p. 77. 
