LEPIDOPTERA. 
349 
little injury to the moth, which frequently escapes. All hairy, 
spiny, and gaily coloured larvae, feeding exposed, are refused by 
birds, even before the hairs become developed : and in some 
cases the pupae are also refused. On the other hand, all noc- 
turnal, dull-coloured larvae with fleshy bodies and smooth skins, 
all green caterpillars, and all larvae of Geometrid(B which resemble 
twigs, are greedily eaten. 
A. G. Butler (1. c. pp. 27-29) states, in a paper supplementary to Jenner 
Weir’s, that the imago of Zygmna Jilipendulce and the larvae of Ahriixas gros~ 
sulariata and of Ilalia wavaria are rejected by lizards, frogs, and spiders. 
Alex. Wallace (Proc. Ent. Soc. Bond. 18G9, p. 7) remarks that the 
larvae of Bomhyx cynthia, which are both brightly coloured and covered with 
tubercles, are eaten by various birds. 
A. R. Wallace (1. c. p. 7) thinks that the gay colours of many larvae are 
protective, and serve to warn birds against unsuitable food. He does not 
expect to find that all brightly coloured larvae are peculiarly protected ; but 
gay colouring would be of advantage to a larva if it protected it from but 
one enemy ; and this theory might account for its occurrence in larvae, where 
sexual selection was out of the question. 
H. D’Orville states (Ent. M. Mag. vi. p. IG) that the larvae of Cucullia 
vci'hmci and ahsintkii are greedily devoured by birds as soon as they attain to 
conspicuous colour and size. 
C. Horne (Zoologist, 1869, pp. 1767, 1768) publishes some notes on the 
speed of butterflies and moths. He has noticed butterflies keeping up easily 
with a train going twenty-five miles an hour, and with a steamer going nine 
or ten knots against the wind. He has also seen a large Indian moth, Ani- 
sonettra Jiypocyana, soar to such a height as to baffle several birds which 
attacked it during its ascent. 
F. 0. Noll remarks on the acuteness of the sense of smell in Lepidoptera. 
Der Zoolog. Garten, x. pp. 254, 265. 
V. SiGNORET, in a paper on Phylloxera vastatrix, takes occasion to enume- 
rate the Lepidoptera which are stated to be destructive to the vine. Ann. 
Soc. Entom. Fr. 1869, pp. 649-596. 
F. O. Standisii states that larvae are frequently attacked by the thread- 
worm. Entomologist, iv. p. 325. 
W. F. Kirry communicated a paper on the ^^Application of the Law of 
Priority to Genera in Entomology ” to the Entomological Society, at the 
meeting held Dec. 7, 1868. A long discussion followed, to which Mr. 
Dunning afterwards appended some acute comments. (Proc. Ent. Soc. Bond. 
1868, pp. 43-48.) 
Von Heyden has published a list of the Ijepidoptera figured by Frivaldsky 
in the publications of the Hungarian Academy, for 1865. Berl. entom. 
Zeitschr. 1869, pp. 60-62. 
Staii^ton publishes a note on the date of Hubner’s works. Ent. M. Mag. 
vi. p. 140. 
De Roo van Westmaas publishes some directions for killing insects, 
especially Lepidoptera. Tijdschr. voor Ent. 2nd series, ii. pp. 128-133. 
On a preservative solution invented by Prof. Verrill, and useful for the 
preservation of larvae, see W. Saunders, Canad. Entom. i. p. 6, and E. New- 
man, Entomologist, iv. p. 219. 
1809. [voL. VI.] 2 II 
