LEPIDOPTERA. 
353 
presenting an appearance similar to a bed of bulrushes at the 
edge of a marshy lake/^ 
Watson then argues against Bateses views concerning the 
specific identity of Heliconia melpomene and thelxiope, from the 
difference in the plumule, and concludes with a list of the genera 
in which plumules have been detected. Argynnis possesses 
plumules, but none exist either in the section Brenthis or in the 
genus Melitaa. Similarly Athyma has plumules, while Neptis 
has none. Plumules are most frequent in the Argynnide genera 
of the Nymplialid( 2 . 
Altogether, Watson has found plumules existing in 507 species, 
belonging to 30 genera. 
T. W. WoNFOR (Quart. Journ. Microscop. Society, viii. 
pp. 80-B3, pi. 1) states that the so-called battledore scales 
described in works on the microscope as existing on the under- 
side of butterflies of the genera Polyommatus and Pieris are only 
to be found on the upper^\&Q of the males. He has found 
battledores on various British species of Polyommatus , and 
'Hasselled^^ or brush- tipped scales on various species of Pieris 
and Hipparchia. These scales are placed in rows under the 
ordinary scales, and at the intervals, so that, if the ordinary 
scales be removed from the upper portion of the wings, the 
' battledores ^ will be found arranged in rows, plentifully on the 
fore wings, but more sparsely on the hind wings. He adds 
directions for examining and mounting the scales. 
In a second paper {1. c, ix. pp. 19-22, pi. 5) Wonfor records his 
having observed plumules on the males of various Pieridcs, Poly- 
ommati with blue males (for he has not been able to find any in 
the species with brown males), and of the silver-spotted fritil- 
laries. He believes that the rows of scales can be inflated and 
raised at will by butterflies so as to increase their buoyancy. He 
also states that the ordinary scales attain their full size in the 
pupa, but that they overlap both laterally and longitudinally, 
and that the expansion of the membrane of the wing draws the 
rows of scales further and wider apart, until they present the 
appearance seen in a fully developed wing. Further notes by 
Wonfor on the eggs, scales, &c. of Lepidoptera are published 
1. c. pp. 426-428. 
T. A. Chapman (Ent. M. Mag. vi. p. 95) mentions having found Satyrus 
janira, (S , in copiild with Vanessa urticce, $ . The eggs of the latter, on dis- 
section, were distinct and visible, but small and not well developed. 
R. Meldola relates an instance of a frog fascinating butterflies. Entom. 
iv. p. 232. 
E. L. Ragonot publishes notes on butterflies found near Paris (Ent. M. 
Mag. vi. pp. 140-148). He enumerates 66 species, or about half the number 
known to inhabit the Paris district. He suggests that Melitcea dictynna may 
be mixed with athalia in English collections. [This is not likely, as dictynna 
is one of the most distinct species of the genus.] 
