604 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
stylis spinifera (Sars) and Ischnosoma hispinosum (Sars) are 
forms most peculiar to the greatest depths. The author points 
out that most of these deep-sea species are similar tOj or iden- 
tical with, species from the Arctic Ocean. Undersdg. Christ. 
Dybvandsf. pp. 1-16. — One hundred and one species of Crus- 
tacea and one Pycnogonid, living at from 200 to 300 (some at 
450) fathoms”, on the coast of Norway, are enumerated by M. 
Sars. Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl. 1868, p. 246 ; Ann. & Mag. Nat. 
Hist. iii. pp. 430-432. At 450 fathoms occur only Cytherella 
abyssorum (Sars), Pseudomma roseum (Sars), and Pontophilus 
norwegicus (Sars) ; at 300-400 Lysianassa, sp. [magellanica of 
Lilljeborg, not of Milne-Ed wards). 
A. M. Norman gives an elaborate report on the Crustacea 
dredged in the years 1861-1868, by Mr. Jeffreys, Mr. Waller, 
and others, at the Shetland Islands, a locality which proved to be 
extremely rich, and a meeting-place of northern and southern 
types. Many species are here extraordinarily circumscribed in 
their habitat, but locally in considerable numbers, for example, 
Nika edulis. There are now known from the Shetlands 18 spe- 
cies of Brachyuraj 11 Anomuray 26 Macruray 23 Stomapoda, 
110 Amphipoday 21 Isopoday 1 Phyllopody 2 Cladocera, 87 Osti'a- 
coda, 51 Copepoday 6 Cirripedia (and 6 Pycnogonoidea) : total 
362. The number of British Crustacea has increased in the 
years 1861-1868 from 412 to 662 (including Pycnogonoidea) y 
80 species having been discovered by the Shetland dredgings. 
Nineteen species, chiefly Amphipods, are mentioned as being 
Scandinavian and Arctic species not observed further south 
than Shetland, and for the most part inhabitants of very deep 
water, among which Sabinea septemcarinata (Sabine), Lopho- 
gaster typicus (Sars), Anonyx ampulla (Phipps), Pontoporeia 
ajfinis (Lindstrom), Macrocijpris minna (Baird), &c. : twenty- 
four species have as yet only been found in the Shetland seas. 
Portunus tuber culatus (Roux) is a Mediterranean species oc- 
curring in Shetland, but not yet found at intermediate locali- 
ties ; the same is the case with Spatangus meridionalis (Risso) 
among Echinoderms. At least 73 species, from all subdivisions, 
are as yet not known further northwards. Norman, Rep. Brit. 
Assoc, for 1868, pp. 247-262. 
Tlie Crustacea of the saltwater marshes in Northumberland 
and Durham are the subject of an interesting essay by G. S. 
Brady. The most common are Carcinus mcenas, Palcemon va- 
rianSy Crangon vulgariSy Mysis vulgaris, Gammarus locusta, Co- 
rophium longicorne, and Sph( 2 roma rugicauda, further, many 
species of Copepoda and Ostracoda, among which Cythere cas- • 
tanea (G. O. Sars), Cytheridea littoralis (Brady), and Temora 
velox (Lillj.), are very common; Cypris salina (Brady) and 
Cypridopsis aculeata (Norman) occur in pools above the highest 
limit of spring-tides, where, to the taste, the water is quite fresh. 
