616 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
appendages make their first appearance at the posterior part of 
the cephalic lobes in the form of cellular protuberances ; after- 
wards they are reverted beneath the ventral side of the embryo ; 
they are the first organs^ and are completely developed at the time 
when the ordinary appendages make their appearance. Of these 
the two pairs of antenme are formed before the mandibles and 
maxillae ; and in this stage (the stage of Nauplius) a new cuticula 
is formed^ which Van Beneden terms naupliar cuticula, and 
which he thinks to be homologous with the larval membrane 
Larvenhaut of Ligia ; hence it follows that the embryo 
has two moulds, the blastodermic and the naupliar. When the 
naupliar cuticula is lost, the embryo leaves the egg, having 
then already essentially the form of the adult. 
Ilyarachna, G. 0. Sars, new name for Mesostenus j I. longicornis (Sars), 
Christianiafjord, 200 fath., G. 0. Sars, Undersog. Christ, dybvandsf. p. 44. 
Apseudes atio?naluSj sp. n. lacking the curious appendix of the under an- 
tennae, Christianiafjord, 40-160 fathoms j Ap. talpa (Mont.) in the same 
locality on muddy ground, 60 fathoms, G. 0. Sars, 1. c. pp. 45-49. 
The chief results of A. Dohrn’s anatomical and embryological 
researches concerning Praniza are that their mouth is trans- 
formed into a suctorial organ, the mandibles being stiliform and 
pointed, and that, after the sexual organs have attained to ma- 
turity, a metamorphosis takes place, the eyes becoming much 
reduced, and two new pairs of buccal organs being developed, 
which do not correspond to the mandibles or any other buccal 
appendage of the former state. These new organs are small in 
the female, but very large and of the well known mandible-like 
size in the male ; but they are not used for obtaining food, 
nourishing particles being brought to the mouth of the animal 
by a whirling motion of the surrounding water; the animal 
attaches itself with their aid to larger objects. These animals 
have been found by the author in fissures of rocks and on weed. 
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xx. pp. 55-80, pi. vi.-viii. 
G. O. Sars states he has observed the development of Anceus 
oxyurceus (Lilljeborg) to be quite the same as in the rest of the 
Isopoda, the first formation of all the parts of the body being 
recognizable at a very early stage within the membranes of the 
egg ; a contradictory statement of an “ observer otherwise very 
correeV^ M. Hesse, is supposed by Sars to be based on eggs of 
parasites which are sometimes found within the egg- capsules of 
some Isopoda. G. O. Sars, Undersog. Christ, dybvandsf. p. 49. 
' • Cymothoa hemelii, sp. n., found in fresh water on a fish of the genus Geo- 
phayus in the Rio Oadea, Soutliern Brazil. E. v. Martens, Arch. f. Naturge- 
^chichte, XXXV. p. 33, pi. 2. fig. 0. 
: iCirqlana trumata^ sp. n., Norman, Rep. Brit. Assoc, for 1868, p. 288, Shet- 
land Islands. 
