636 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
1868, p. 652) will be found translated in Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser. 4, vol. iv. 
July 1869, pp. 47-51, pi. 3. figs. 4-13. 
Bothriocephalus prohoscideus. On its development, see the remarks of 
Metschnikoft* in Bull, de TAcad. Imp. d. Sc. St. Pdtersbourg, t. xiii. No. 3, 
p. 290. 
Trematoda. 
Fasciola jacksonii, sp. n., Cobbold, 1. c. p. 49, from the liver of an elephant at 
Rangoon. Now for the first time described, but apparently the same referred 
to as a doubtfully distinct form by Diesing as JDistomum elephantis. 
Nematoidea. 
Eustrongylus gigaSj Dies. Balbiaui (/. c.) remarks on the 
development of this species: — 1. That the development com- 
mences in the uterus of the female, but is soon arrested, only to 
be continued when the egg is expelled from the body of tlie 
host and comes into contact with water or humid earth. 2. Be- 
tween this period and that of the appearance of the embryo 
there are in winter five or six months, in summer the interval 
is probably much shorter. 3. The embryo may remain in the 
ovum a year or less without perishing ; placed in contact with 
pure water, as in artificial hatching, the embryo alters rapidly ; 
it only lives well in albuminous fiuids. 4. The egg is not 
hatched in the alimentary tube of the animals where the Stron- 
gylus acquires its complete development, but in a dilferent 
speeies (yet unknown), which forms a temporary host for the 
parasite until its migration into its final host. 
Echinoderes. One of the results of Greepf^s investigations 
proves that the species of this genus are independent and adult 
forms, and not merely, as was suggested by several, larval 
forms, he having found the female sexual organs as well as seen 
certain stages of their development. After deseribing their 
outer form and chitinous integument, their alimentary, nervous, 
and generative systems, their development, &e., Greeff proeeeds 
to describe the following species : — 
F. dujardinii, Clpr., Greeff, /. c. p. 88, Taf. 4. fig. 1-6 ; E. monocercus, Clpr., 
Greeff, 1. c. p. 90, Taf. 5. fig. 10 ; and as new species, E. setigera, I, c. p. 89, 
Taf. 5. figs. 1-6, Ostend; E. canariensis, 1. c. p. 90, Taf. 5. fig. 6, Laiizarote; 
E. borealis, 1. c. p. 90, Taf. 5. fig. 8, North Sea (? Ostend) ; and E. lanugi- 
nosa, 1. c. p. 92, Taf 6. fig. 12. Greeff considers the affinities of this group 
to be towards the Nematoids. 
Desmoscolex mimitus, Clpr. Greeff, 1. c. p. 100, describes tliis species at 
great length, and regards it as a transition form between the true Nematodes 
and the Annelids. As new species he describes I), nematoides, 1. c. p. 112, 
Taf 6. fig. 8; I), adelphus, l.c. p. 113j 1). cl icetog aster, 1. c. p, 114, Taf. 6. 
figs. 11, 12. 
Trichoderma oxycaudatum, g. and sp. n., Greeff, /. c. p. 115, Taf 6. figs. 9, 
