G6G 
ZOOLOGICAL LITEHATUllE. 
shells, with a firm, more or less thickened, finely granulous coen^nchyma, 
which may spread either in broad expansions or narrow stolons. Polypes 
rather large, at the summit of round-topped verrucse, which are more or less 
elevated above the surface of the coenenchyma, and either distantly scattered 
or closely crowded together, in the latter case often united laterally nearly to 
their summits. Polyps wholly contractile, and also capable of involving the 
summits of the verrucm, which, in contraction, are usually eight-rayed. 
Spicula short, of moderate size, brightly coloured, very abundant in the coe- 
nenchyma and verrucse, of various forms and sizes, mostly with very roughly 
warted prominences. C. pacijicum, Verrill, /. c. p. 456, C. aureum, sp. nov., 
Verrill, /. c. p. 457, both from Panama. . 
Echinomuricea, gen. nov., Verrill, 1. c. p. 285. Type E. coccinea, V., = ^c««- 
thogorgia coccinea^ V. 
Solanderia verrucosa^ Mob. Dr. J. E. Gray mentions having received a com- 
munication fromDr.Mobius, in which he says: — ‘‘The specimen of S. verrucosa 
described by me was overspread on all its twigs with the sponge whose 
needles I have figured on tab. 1. fig. 6. I erroneously regarded this parasitical 
sponge as a dermal formation of the polype. Your Ilomophyton gattgice 
(Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, Jan. 9) appears to me to be very like my S. verrucosa. 
It is also from the coast of South Africa (Algoa Bay).” Ann. & Mag. Nat. 
Hist. ser. 4, vol. iii. Mar. 1869, p. 248 j also ibid., Jan. 1869, p. 96. 
ZOANTIIAIIIA. 
Malacodermata. 
Sagartia schillei'iana, sp. n., Stoliczka, 1. c. p. 32, pis. 10 & 11. This species 
lives attached to old trunks of trees all along the banks of the Mutlah river. 
The water hero is very brackish. The species, on account of the presence in 
its tissue of solid calcareous and siliceous particles, seems scarcely referable to 
Sagartia. 
Sagartia crispata, sp. n., Verrill, /. c. p. 484, S. carcinophila, sp. n., Verrill, 
1. c. p. 484, S. panamensisy sp. n., Verrill, 1. c. p. 484, S. hradloyi, sp. n., Verrill, 
/. c. p. 484, all from Panama. 
Edwardsia elegans, sp. n., Verrill, 1. c. p. 118, Eastport j E. farinaceay sp. n., 
Verrill, ibid., South Bay, Luhec. 
Lophactisy gen. nov., Verrill, 1. c. p. 463. Column elevated, its walls firm, 
subcoriaceous j in contraction rough, with deep corrugations and wrinkles ; 
not verrucose, and without apparent suckers in the preserved specimens. 
Simple tentacles, large, placed at a considerable distance from the margin. 
Branchiae few in number (12), ari’anged in a circle between the margin and 
the tentacles, large and broad, laterally compressed, the upper edge of each 
bearing a series of finely divided papillae, which consequently form radiating 
rows of secondary branchiae. The large branchiform organs are united 
together on the inside nearly to their summits by a thin membrane, which 
forms a naked area between the branchiae and tentacles ; and they are also 
united on the outside by adherence to the marginal fold, so that, when con- 
tracted, there are deep chambers or cavities between them. This genus is 
closely allied to Fhyllactis. L. ornatUy sp. n., Verrill, /. c. p. 464, IV'arl 
Islands. 
