PROTOZOA. 
673 
Wallich, G. C. On the Rhizopoda as embodying the primor- 
dial type of Animal life. Ibid. April 18G9, pp. 228-235. 
. Observations on the Thalassicollidae. Ann.& Mag.Nat. 
Hist, ser. 4, vol. hi. Feb. 1869, pp. 97-102. 
WitzESNiowsKi, A. Ein Beitrag zur Anatomie der Infusorien. 
Sehultze^s Archiv f. mikrosk. Anat. Bd. v. pp. 25-49, 
Taf. 3 & 4. 
The facts detailed in this paper were published about three 
3^cars since in Polish, in the 35th vol. of the Natural- History 
Society of Cracow, and are deservedly republished here, so as to 
secure their being read by all naturalists. The author describes 
in detail the contractile vesicle in Enchelyodon farctus, Trachelo- 
phyllum apiculatum, Chilodon cucullulus, Climacostomum vwens, 
and Uroleptus piscis. He also describes trichocysts as sometimes 
present and sometimes absent in Loxophyllum meleagris. The 
author regards the contractile vesicle as an excretory organ. 
SPONGIIDA. 
Geographical Distribution. — Schmidt {1. c. p. 90) records the 
following as met with on the coasts of Greenland ; — 
Calc AREA. a. Social. — Lencosolenia fahriciij^tii, \ Nardoa reticulum, Sdt. ; 
Lcuconia stilifera, Sdt. ; Sycinula cgedii, Sdt. j S. penicillata, Sdt. ; S. claviycra, 
Sdt. h. Solitary. — Sycon ciliatum, autt. ; S. raphanum, Sdt. ; Vte utriculu^, 
Sdt. Also undetermined species of Chalinula, Vachychalina, Suherites, Re- 
niera, and Geodia. 
Rev. A. M. Norman {1. c. p. 296) gives the following list of 
sponges dredged off the coasts of the Hebrides. The nomen- 
clature is after Bowerbank : — 
Oalcarea : Grantia compressa (Fabr.) ; G. ciliata (Fabr.) ; G. ensata, 
Bwk. ; Leucosolenia coriacea (Mont.) ; Leuconia nivea (Grant). Silicea ; 
Normania crassa, Bwk. ; Polymastia mamillaris (Miill.) ; Tethea cr anium 
(Miill.) ; Dictyocylindrus stuposus (Ellis & Sol.) ; Phakellia ventilahrum 
(Linn.) ; Ilymedesmia radiata, Bwk. ; Hymeniacidon aurea (Mont.) ; H. Jicus 
(Esper) ; Cliona celata, Grant j Halichoitdria panicea (PaU.) j Hal. patter- 
sonii, Bwk. j Hal. expansa, Bwk. ; Isodictya cinei'ea (Grant) ; I. infundihu- 
liformis (Jolmst.) ; I. laciniosa, Bwk. Keratosa : Chcdina seriata (Grant) ; 
JDysidea fragilis (Mont.). 
Calcarea. 
IIackel (/. c. p. 236) gives a prodromus of the calcareous 
sponges, enumerating 6 orders, 18 families, 42 genera, and 132 
speciesr As these will all be given in full in the illustrated 
Monograph of this group, which is promised at an early date, 
