676 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Hackel gives the name of Sycidium to a genus containing 
S. gelatinosum, Blainville. 
Grantia ciliata. Carter (/. c. p. 16) remarks that the spicules of this species 
among the calcareous sponges, as well as those of Gorgonia and those of 
OpercAdina arabica among the Foraminifera, have no central canal ; in this 
differing from the spicules of the siliceous sponges. This statement is 
slightly modified by the author in Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. 1869, vol. iii. June, 
p. 466. 
SiLICEA. 
Dr. Bowehbank, in his memoir on the Siliceo-fibrous Sponges, 
criticises at some length (pp. 66-75) the views of Dr. J. E. Gray 
and of Prof. Wyville Thomson. A great many interesting facts 
in connexion with the structure of this group of sponges are 
incidentally mentioned in this portion of the paper. The fol- 
lowing genera and species are recognized ; — 
Dactylocalyx pumiceus, Stutchbury, 1841, 1. c. p. 77, pi. 3. fig. 1-15, Bar- 
badoes, Martinique ; D. heteroformis (Valenciennes), 1. c. p. 85, pi. 4. fig. 1-4, 
Shanghai ; D. m^andretoii, l^o'ff\s..,=.M^A7idrewia azoi’ica, Gray, 1859, 1. c. 
p. 86, pi. 4. fig. 5, pi. 5. figs. 1-5, Azores; D. pmttii, Bowk. 1. c. p. 89, pi. 5. 
^ figs. 6-11, East Indies and Formosa ; D. masotii, sp. n.. Bowk. /. c. p. 91, pi. 6. 
fig. 1-4, Madeira ; D. bowerhankiy Johnson, /. c. p. 94, pi. 6. figs. 5-8, deep 
water off Madeira ; D. polydiscus, Bowk. /. c. p. 96, pi. 6. figs. 9-14, St. Vin- 
cent (Discoder?nia polydiscus, Bocage, Portugal). 
Iphiteon panicea, Valenc. 1. c. p. 324, pi. 21. fig. 1, pi. 22. fig. 1, Porto Rico ; 
I. beatrix, ^oys'k.,=Aphrocallistes beab'ix, Gray, l.c. p. 325, pi. 21. figs. 2-4, 
pi. 22. figs. 2-9, Malacca; I. subglobosa, l^owk., = Dactylocalyx subglobosa, 
Gray, /. c. p. 329, pi. 22. figs. 10-13, Malacca?; I. inyalli, Bowk. = J). 
micea, Gray, 1. c. p. 331, pi. 23. figs. 1-3, St. Vincent; /. callocyathes, Bowk., 
^Myliusia callocyathes, Gray in part, 1. c. p. 333, p. 23. figs. 4-7, West 
Judies. 
Myliusia qrayii. Bowk., = callocyathes, Gxot,y m part, J. c. p. 335, 
pi. 23. fig. 8, pi. 25. fig 1, St. Vincent’s. 
Kaliapsis, g. n., Bowerbank, /. c. p. 337, pi. 25. figs. 2-6. Skeleton 
siliceo-fibrous ; basal fibres cylindrical and canaliculated ; distal fibres non- 
canaliculated, compressed ; basal reticulations symmetrical and reversedly 
arcuate ; distal reticulations unsymmetrical and continuously ramifying ; 
oscula and pores unknown ; expansile dermal system furnished with foliato- 
peltate connecting spicula, various in form, peltate heads more or less mam- 
millated ; basal portion of skeleton furnished with short stout cidarate pre- 
hensile fibres. K. cidaris, sp. n., Bowerbank, 1. c. p. 338, parasitic on 
base of Oculina rosea, from the South Sea. 
Farrea occa. Bowk. 1. c. p. 339, pi. 24. figs. 1-7, Seychelles. 
Purisiphonia, g. n., Bowerbank, 1. c. p. 342, pi. 25. figs. 6-7. P. clarhei, 
sp. nov., Bowerbank, Wollumbilla, Queensland ; fossil. This genus would 
appear to ;be intermediate in its structure between Dactylocalyx and Fan'ca. 
The matrix in which it is imbedded possesses much of the character of 
chalk ; and Dr. Bowerbank remarks on the similarity of form and structure 
between the Australian and English chalk fossil sponges. 
