10 Moll. 
MOLLUSCA. 
the ligamentous part ; according to him, the first serves to close the 
valves rapidly, the second to keep them closed. Z. wiss. Zool. xxx. 
suppl. vol. pp. 15-20, & 26. 
Note on the movement of the radula in the Gastropods, by P. Geddes, 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 212. 
2. Digestion and Secretion, 
The secretion of the so-called liver in Avion rufus dissolves fibrin very 
slowly, but contains a diastatic ferment by which amidon is changed into 
glycose ; it can therefore best be compared with the pancreatic liquid of 
the Vertebrata ; the secretion of the liver of My a arenaria and Mytilus 
eduUs, on the contrary, is distinctly acid. L. Fredericq, Arch. Z. exp^r. 
vii. pp. 397-399. See also the same author’s paper on the Cephalo;poda, 
extracted supra. 
Chemical notes on the digestion in several Mollusca; Krukenberg, 
Untersuch. d. physiol. Instituts in Heidelberg, ii. p. 271. Manganese, 
without iron, found in the renal organ (“organ of Bojanus”) of Pinna 
squamosa ; id. 1. c. pp. 287-289. 
3. Circulation and Respiration. 
W. Flemming maintains his views on the vascular system in the 
Bivalves [Zool. Rec. xiv. Moll. p. 9], and states that their blood-cells 
show moveable expansions, like the pseudopodia of the Rhizopoda. 
Arch. mikr. Anat. xv. pp. 243-252, with a plate. 
J. Kollmann gives a short note on the form of what he thinks to be 
lacunaa in the vascular system of the Mollusca. MT. morph. Ges. Miinch. 
1878, p. 10. 
Notes on nerves in the heart of some Mollusca j J. Dogiel, Arch, 
mikr. Anat. xv. pp. 95-97. 
“ Haemocyanin, ” a new substance containing copper, found in the blood 
of the Cephalopods, by L. Fredericq, 0. R. Ixxxvii. pp. 996-998. For 
the same author’s observations on the circulation in Octopus^ see supra. 
J. Carri^ire discusses the chink-like opening in the edge of the foot 
of many Bivalves, and comes to the conclusion that it is not the orifice 
of the so-called aquiferous vessels, but of a peculiar gland, analogous to 
the byssal glands of other Bivalves ; Zool. Anz. i. p. 55. H. v. Ihering 
has also observed that what have been described as aquiferous vessels in 
the foot of Cyclas {^Sphcerium\ are only cutaneous glands in the shape of 
bags, without posterior orifice ; tom. cit. pp. 274 & 275. 
O. P. Sluiter has examined the structure of the gills in Mytilus^ 
Donax, Mactra, Mya^ Venus gallina^ Ostrea, and Solen. He comes to the 
conclusions that their filamentous form is to be regarded as the primitive, 
that various degrees and modifications to the lamellar form are to be 
found, and that a knowledge of them must be extended over many more 
genera before an attempt at classification based on these differences can 
be successful. Thus the structure of the gills is very similar in Ostrea 
and Solen, although these genera stand far apart in the usual systems. 
Concerning the question of vascular lacunas, he states that in Mytilus 
