ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 
Moll 11 
edulis, without doubt the vascular system within the gills is closed 
throughout, without lacunae, and he thinks that very probably it is so 
also in the other Bivalves. Niederl. Arch. Zool. iv. pp. 75-103, pi. vii. 
0. Semper mentions incidentally that in several air-breathing Gastro- 
pods, as Siphonaria^ Ampullaria^ and some species of Neritina^ the distri- 
bution of the respiratory vessels is similar to that observed by him in a 
terrestrial Crustacean, Birgus latro, viz., the respiratory cavity contains 
gills and an air-breathing part, and the vessels of both come from the 
body and go to the heart, and are therefore truly respiratory. Z. wiss. 
Zool. XXX. p. 287. 
4 . Organs of Sense , 
Optical purple (seh-purpur) in the rodlets (stabchen) of the eye of 
Cephalopods, stated by C. F. W. Krukenberg, Untersuch. physiol. 
Inst. Heidelberg, ii. pp. 58-61 ; in the eyes of Pecten jacolcBus (L.), by 
v. Hen SEN, Zool. Anz. i. p. 30. The existence of a crystalline lens in the 
eyes of the same species, described by Keferstein, confirmed by 
V. Hensen, tom. cit. p. 30. 
J. ScHOBL describes the blood-vessels in the eye of Sepia, and discusses 
the homology of its eye-membranes with those of other animals ; Arch, 
mikr. Anat. xv. pp. 215-243, with 2 pis. 
C. Glaus gives some observations concerning the otocysts of the Hetero- 
poda, and opposes some of Ranke’s assertions [Zool. Rec. xii. p. 136] ; 
Arch. mikr. Anat. xv. pp. 341-348, with a pi. 
5 . Genital Organs, 
The genital organs of Sepia, Loligo, Sepiola, Eledone, and Octopus have 
been studied histologically and morphologically by J. Brock : he comes 
to the result that the glandular appendages in the males, however dif- 
ferent in shape and situation, are essentially identical in microscopical 
structure and function, secreting the spermatophore, and that the nida- 
rnental glands of the females exhibit nearly the same microscopical 
changes during activity as these male glands ; these changes are fully 
described. Some of E. Ray Lankester’s statements are questioned or denied 
(the presence of a vitelline membrane is confirmed). The aquiferous 
vessels connecting the genital organs with the urinary sac, are really 
homologous in the Octopods and Decapods, however externally different ; 
their function is unknown. Z. wiss. Zool. xxxii. pp. 1-116, 4 pis. An 
abstract in SB. Soc. Erlang, x. pp. 204-209. 
The existence of a special duct, connecting the stalk of the recep- 
taculum seminis (stalked vesicle) with the uterus, pointed out in Clausilia 
plic'atula, plicata, cana, hiplicata, lineolata, nigricans, ventricosa, pumila, 
and Balea fragilis, by F. Wiegmann, JB. mal. Ges. v. pp. 165-167, with 
woodcut. A similar duct is stated by G. Pfeffer in TrochomorpJia 
ihuensis and percarinata, in the former no external orifice, of the penis 
could be found ; the author therefore thinks that this duct is destined 
for self -fecundation. Arch. f. Nat. xliv. pp. 421-423, pi. xiii. figs. 5 & 6. 
Several observations on the spermatophore of some Pulmonata (chiefly 
