GEOGRAPtnCAL DISTRIBUTION. 
Moll. 19 
Japan. The Japanese species of (7or&icw?cs discussed by Reinhardt, 
JB. mal. Ges. v. pp. 185-194, pi. v. 
China. R. P. Heude, Conch, fluv. de Nank. pt. iv., continues to figure 
new species of Unionidce from the provinces Ngan-hoei and Kiangsu. 
Edgar A. Smith figures some new species of Melania from Formosa ; 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 728, pi. 46. Seven species of terrestrial, 2 new, and 8 
of freshwater shells collected by the missionary Fuchs, in the Valley of 
the Yangtsekiang, province Hupe, are enumerated by V. Gredler, 
Nachr. mal. Ges. 1878, pp. 101-105. 
The Mollusca collected by the late Dr. Stoliczka during the second 
Yarkand Expedition are described by G. Nevill; he says, “the change 
from the Indo-Malayan to the so-called European molluscous fauna at 
the northern watershed of the Kashmir Valley is most abrupt and dis- 
tinct, every species found at Sonamurg belonging to the former, while at 
only two days’ march from thence, at Mataian, every shell belongs to the 
latter. Also the aspect of the country entirely changes, the forest-clad 
hills of Kashmir disappear and, instead, one enters a sterile, dry country 
of higher elevation, altogether Tibetan in character.” 13 terrestrial and 
18 freshwater species have been found from thence unto Yarkand and 
Kashgar, 5 terrestrial and 11 aquatic of these are widely distributed 
European species, the rest either new or already known from Samarcand 
or its neighbourhood by Fedchenko. The European species are : — 
Vitrina pellucida (Mull.), Hyalina fulva (Drap.), Helix costata (Miill.), 
Pupa muscorum (L.), Succinea pfeifferi (Rossm.), putris (D.), Limncea 
auricularia (L.), lagotis (Schrank), truncatula (Miill.), Planorhis alhus 
(Miill.), Icevis (Alder), suhangulatus (Phil.), nitidus (Miill.), complanatus 
(L.), nauiileus (Miill.), Valvata piscinalis (Miill.), Pisidium ohtusale (Pf.). 
Some offer local varieties. The new species will be mentioned below. 
The genera Nanina, or Macrochlamys, and Buliminus are not repre- 
sented in the collection, although occurring in Russian Turkestan. 
“ Scientific Results of the Second Yarkand Expedition,” Mollusca^ pp. 
1-16, with a plate. 
4. Africa. 
The late T. Vernon Wollaston has published a valuable volume, 
“ Testacea Atlantica,” treating upon the land and freshwater shells of the 
Azores, Madeira, Salvages, Canaries, Cape Verdes, and St. Helena, from 
personal research made in the years 1847-1875, for a great part in com- 
pany with the late R. T. Lowe. Although this “ is not intended to be a 
monograph, but rather a critical enumeration of all the forms which have 
been recorded up to the present date,” the author has spared no labour 
in sifting the evidence for the exact localities, and has been “ less anxious 
to erect new species than to clear up difficulties concerning the old ones 
he also gives “diagnostic remarks which will be found useful . . . to sup- 
plement the published descriptions, and to point out more particularly in 
what the species differ from their intermediate allies.’^ He enumerates 
67 terrestrial species from the Azores, 163 from Madeira and Portosanto, 
1 from the Salvages, 177 from the CanariesJ 33 from the Cape Verdes, and 
29 from St. Helena (the extinct ones included). A great majority of these 
