20 Moll. 
MOLLUSCA. 
species are peculiar to a single group of Islands, respectively 33, 127, 0, 
162, 23, and 22, many are even peculiar to single islands ; 23 species are 
common to the Azores and Madeira, 18 common to Madeira and the 
Canaries, only 4 common to the Canaries and Cape Verdes. Of European 
species, 25 are found on the Azores, 22 on Madeira, 15 on the Canaries, 1 
on the Cape Verdes; in all, 37 European species among the 417 existing 
on the Atlantic islands, most of them probably imported by man. The 
Madeiran group is the most completely examined, and exhibits therefore 
the greatest proportion of peculiar species ; the Canaries have the largest 
extension and more relations to the South European fauna than the 
others; the Azores and Cape Verdes are rather poor, and still more St. 
Helena, which has no relations to the other groups. The section Lejptaxis 
is characteristic for Madeira, the Azores, and Cape Verdes, but fails in 
the Canaries ; Hemicycla is peculiar to the Canaries ; Hystricella^ 
Caseolus^ Placentula, Tectula, &c., only occur in Madeira ; Bulimus is 
found on the Azores, Canaries, and Cape Verdes, but wanting in Madeira, 
except the imported B. ventricosus ; Lovea (Ferussacia) is found only 
in Madeira and the Canaries, Ci'aspedopoma.iu the Azores, Madeira, and 
Cape Verdes. St. Helena has no relation to the other groups; it is 
distinguished by some peculiar species of Succinea and by two extinct 
sections of Bulimus. The freshwater shells are everywhere remarkably 
few, there are only 17 species known from the Atlantic islands, occurring 
in nearly equal number in Madeira, the Canaries, and Cape Verdes ; 7 of 
these are European and 3 also inhabit the African continent. The Azores, 
Salvages, and St. Helena have no freshwater shell. Of submarine species 
(^AuricuUdw^ Truncatella, and Assiminea), 11 species are enumerated, the 
majority (8) of which are found on several of the groups, 2 are European, 
2 others also found on the continent of Africa ; in the Salvages they 
form the great majority (|) of the known species, the only other is a 
peculiar variety of widely-distributed Helix pisana (Mull.). 
The malacological fauna of the African islands from the Azores to 
Madagascar and Socotra is discussed, and the known species are enume- 
rated by W. Kobelt, JB. mal. Ges. v. pp. 10-32 & 170-185. 
Sahara. Limncea limosa (L.), Physa hrocchii (Ehrenb.) , Planorhis 
duveyrieri (Desh.), Melania tuherculata (Miill.), and Corbicula saharica, 
sp. n., found in a subfossil state in a lake dried up near Temacinin, S.W. 
of Ghadames, by L. Say ; J. Fischer, J. de Conch, xxvi. pp. 74-81, with 
notes on similar occurrences in the Sahara. 
Abyssinia. The land-shells collected by W. T. Blanford are mentioned 
in G. Nevill’s Handlist of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, pt. i. 
Edgar A. Smith’s list of shells from Lake Nyassa repeated by W. Kobelt, 
Nachr. mal. Ges. 1878, pp. 85 & 86. 
Eastern' Africa. Sixteen terrestrial and 7 freshwater species collected 
by J. M. Hildebrandt in the interior of the coast of Zanzibar enumerated, 
and some new described by E. v. Martens, MB. Ak. Berl. 1878, pp. 288-299, 
with 2 pis. A new genus, Zingis^ and 2 spp. of Paludomus ^Cleopatra ?] 
are remarkable. 
Western Africa. Note on some land-shells, chiefly from Liberia, by 
II. Dohrn, JB. mal. Ges. v. pp. 151-15G. 
