GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
Moll. 23 
Venezuela. List of 26 land and 36 freshwater Mollusca^ taken from 
the Recorder’s paper of 1873 [Zool. Rec. x. p. 125], in A. Ernst’s 
“Estudios sobre la flora y fauna de Venezuela:” Caracas: 1877, 4to, 
pp. 225-230. 
New Granada. 2 new land-shells, by Edgar A. Smith, Ann. N. H. (5) 
ii. pp. 482 & 483. 
Ecuador. 125 terrestrial shells, some with doubt, enumerated, and 
those collected by Dr. Wolf & P. Boetzkes discussed, and some new 
among them described, by K. Miller, Mai. Bl. xxv. pp. 153-199, pis. 
vii. & viii. 
Argentine Confederation. Doring gives a list of 79 terrestrial Pul- 
monata^ all inoperculate, 15 freshwater Pulmonata, 21 freshwater Pectini- 
branchia (^AmpullariidcB and Paludestrina'), and 58 freshwater Bivalves 
hitherto observed in the Argentine States ; JB. mal. Ges. v. pp. 130-142. 
Some new species of the terrestrial among them are described and figured, 
pp. 143-150. 
6. Marine Mollusca. 
1 . Arctic Seas. 
Smith Sound. 2 Pteropods, 19 Gastropods, 16 Bivalves, collected by 
H. W. Feilden during Sir G. Nares’s voyage to the Polar Sea, in 
1875-76, in or near Smith Sound, 79*^ 25-82® 30' N. lat., enumerated by 
Edgar A. Smith in the Narrative of that voyage, ii. pp. 223-233. The 
new forms among them have been already described in Ann. N. H. 1877. 
Jan Mayen Island. 19 species of Bivalves, 2 Pteropods, 24 Gastro- 
pods (1 Rissoa, new), and 1 Cephalopod ; Leachia hyperborea (Steenstr.), 
found at this island by the Norwegian Arctic Expedition, enumerated by 
H. Friele, N. Mag. Naturv. 1878, also in J. de Conch, xxvi. pp. 397-399. 
Novaya Zemlya. 110 marine species, among which are 36 Bivalves, 71 
Gastropods, and 2 Pteropods, with about 40 remarkable varieties, col- 
lected by the Swedish Expeditions in the years 1875 and 1876, are 
enumerated and described by W. Leohe. They exhibit the general 
type of the circumpolar Arctic fauna, and some varieties are remarkable 
from their large size ; 90 of them have been found in the Kara Sea and 
Matosschin-scharr, 83 on the western shore of Novaya Zemlya ; 60 species 
are common with Spitzbergen, 86 with Greenland, 48 with Iceland, 69 
with Massachusetts, 53 with Behring Sea. Sv. Ak. Handl. xvi. (2) 
85 pp. 2 pis. 
G. O. Sars has published a very valuable treatise on the marine Mol- 
lusca of Arctic Norway, describing 390 species, and figuring most of them, 
especially the radula and opercula. In an appendix, all Norwegian 
species (567) are enumerated, and their vertical and horizontal distribu- 
tion indicated, pp. 351-368 ; 401 of them occur in the arctic region of 
Norway, Lofoden Islands, and Finmark. Finally, he comes to the con- 
clusion that an Arctic origin may be ascribed to the following species : — 
I. All those which live in Eastern Finmark, east of the North Cape. 
2. All those which are not found, or only exceptionally found, south of 
the polar circle. 
