28 Moll. 
MOLLUSCA. 
tical with freshwater species liviag in the Nile and Abyssinia. Martens, 
SB. nat. Fr. 1878, pp. 169 & 170. 
In the Pankong Lake, 50 feet above the level of the water, in a strati- 
fied shaly and sandy deposit, Limncea lagotis (Schranck), Valvata pisci- 
nalis (Mull.), and Pisidium ohtusale (Pfr.), found by F. Stoliczka ; 
Nevill, Moll. Yarkand Exped. pp. 1, 8, 12, & 13. 
The land, freshwater, and brackish water shells found in the “Laramie” 
group of deposits, in the central region of North America, enumerated by 
C. A. White, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. iv. pp. 721-724 ; they are, with few 
exceptions, still living species. 
2 . Marine Species. 
, Subfossil marine Molluuks from the mouth of the Yenissei, 16 Bivalves 
and 26 Gastropods, all recent species, enumerated by Leche, Sv. Ak. 
Handl. xvi. (2) p. 84. 
M. Turnouer discusses the marine shells found in the “ Chotts ” of 
‘the Sahara, enumerating the various explorers who have found them, 
beginning with Martin and V. d. Linth, 1863 ; most of the shells are 
Cardium edule^ several forms of which are figured, but a perforated and 
very worn specimen of Nassa gibhosula (L.), Cyprcea moneta, and a 
species of Conus, not mediterraneus, have been found. The deposits 
seem rather to be torrential and fiuviatile, than marine. The author 
doubts very much whether they prove the existence of a Saharan sea in 
later than diluvial times, and thinks that the last-named shells may have 
found their way hither by human agency. Assoc. Fr. vii. pp. 608-622, 
pi. vi. 
E. W. Hilgard & F. Hopkins, Washington : 1878, report on many 
recent species of the Caribbean Sea, and some others new, obtained by 
borings made in 1874 between the Mississippi River and Lake Borgne in 
depths between 57 & 72 feet. 
Postpliocene fossils, all still living species, near San Luis Rey, coast 
range of California, 12 miles from the sea ; Dali, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
1878, p. 3. 
Some few tertiary fossils from New Guinea, including the recent 
Dolium costatum (Desh.), J. E. Tenison-Woods, P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 
ii. pp. 267 & 268. 
Historical Changes in Faunas. 
A. H. Gray has observed a living specimen of Unio complanatus 
(Barnes) attached by the closed valves to the feet of a duck, Querquedula 
discors, and discusses the possibility of transplantation of shells by birds ; 
Nature, xviii. pp. 220 & 221. The same subject is treated by R. Call, 
Am. Nat. xii. pp. 472 & 473. 
Successful introduction of Helix pisana from Jersey into Guernsey, by 
Dr. Lukis, Q. J. Conch. 1878, No. 15, pp. 332 & 333. 
Lyons. Helix trochoides, acuta, and Pupa quinque-dentata are found at 
a particular spot associated with southern plants, probably acclimatized, 
