CEPHALOPODA (dIBRANCHIATA, TETEABRANCHIATA) . Moll, 31 
traction is the state of tranquillity, and during it the pigment is blackish. 
This is opposed to the statement by Harting [Zool. Rec. xiii. Moll. 
p. 20], but coincides with that by Fredericq. The expansion is caused 
either by the will of the animal, or by reflection from the optic nerve, or 
from centripetal cutaneous nerves. SB. Ak. Wien, Ixxviii. Abth. iii. 
44 pp. 2 pis. 
G. Fritsch states that a dorsal anastomosis between nervous branches 
of both ganglia stellata has been actually observed by O. Mantey in 
Eledone^ and that Pfeifer [Zool. Rec. xiv. Moll. p. 28] has mistaken a 
blood-vessel for a nerve in describing a lower commissure near the gill. 
SB. nat. Fr. 1878, pp. 7-9. 
Note on the cartilages of the head in the Cephalopods by FtiRBRiNGER, 
supra, p. 8. , 
Notes on the eye of the Cephalopods by Krukenberg and Schobl, 
supra, p. 11. 
^ Notes on the genital organs by Brock, supra, p. 11. 
mBBANOEIATA. 
Some observations on Octopus vulgaris living in the aquarium at Ham- 
burgh by H. Bolau, Zool. Gart. xix. p. 151. 
Octopus hairdi (Verrill), Sars, Moll. arct. Norveg. p. 339, pi. xxxiii. 
radula, pi. xvii. fig. 8, Finmark and Lofoden Islands, 60-200 fathoms. 
Argonauta. Some remarks concerning the history of its knowledge by 
N. Tiberi, Bull. Soc. mal. Ital. iii. pp. 160-164. 
Loligo media (L.). Radula ; Sars, 1. c. pi. xvii. fig. 3. 
Gonatus amcenus (Moller) ; id. 1. c. p. 336, pi. xxxi., radula, pi. xvii* 
fig. 2, Porsangerfjord, Arctic Norway. 
Rossia glaucopis (Loven) = ? papillifera (Jeffr.) ; id. 1. c. p. 337, 
pi. xxxii., radula, pi. xvii. fig. 6, Lofoden Islands and Finmark, 60-200 
fath. 
Ommastrephes todarus (Raf.) ; id. 1. c. p. 334, pi. xxx., radula, pi. xvii. 
fig. 1, Lofoden Islands. 
Ommastrephes or Loligo ? measuring 1.64 metres from tip of arms to 
tail, observed at Venice by H. Baumgartner, Zool. Gart. xix. p. 190. 
TETBABEANGHIATA. 
R. Owen maintains and, by fresh observations, confirms his view that 
the spiral coiling is quite opposite in Nautilus and Spirula, the former 
being coiled over the back, or “revolute,” and the ventral side of the 
animal corresponding to the periphery of the spiral shell in it, and to the 
centre in Spirula ; in both genera the upper (dorsal) jaw is overlapped by 
the under (ventral), so the relative position of the jaws to the spiral of 
the shells appears also opposed. In Ammonites, the peripherical or ecto- 
marginal position of the sipho, different from its endomarginal position 
in Spirula, favours the supposition that the shell is revolute as in Nau- 
tilus ; and the relatively large size of the dwelling chamber, the instances 
