GASTROPODA (pULMONATA). 
Moll, 71 
24, Strigillaria (Vest), (7. cana (Held.); 25, Idyla (H. & A'. Ad,,'* modi- 
fied), C. rugicollis (Ziegl.), socialis (Friv.), &c. ; 26, OUgoptychia (Bottg.), 
C. hrunnea (Ziegl.), hicristata (Friv.), &c. ; 27, Pirostoma (Moll.) = 
Iphigenia (Gray, preoccupied) ; 28, Laminifera (Bottg.), C.pauli (Mabille) ; 
29, Nenia (H. & A. Ad.), American species ; 30, Macroptychia (Bottg.), 
C. sennariensis (Pfr.) ; 31, Bcettgeria (Heynem.), Madeiran species ; 32, 
Olympia (Vest), C. olympica (Friv.). Ber. Offenb. Ver. xvii. & xviii., 
also as a separate pamphlet, 86 pp. 8vo. 
Clausilia. G. A. Westerlund publishes an elaborate monograph of 
this genus, with historical, geographical, and critical introduction in 
Swedish, with Latin descriptions of the 509 known species and varieties. 
His arrangement of the subgenera is in many points similar to that given 
by Bottger, whose “ Clausilien-studien ” [Zool. Rec. xiv. Moll. p. 68] only 
came to his knowledge when two-thirds of his own monograph were 
printed. He excludes, however, not only Balea perversa, but also the 
Transylvanian B. livida from the genus, and admits the following sub- 
genera : Alopia, Triloha, Clausiliastra, Mentissa, Siciliaria, Medora, 
Alhinaria, Herilla, Carinigera, Cristataria, Delima, Dilataria, Alinda, 
Crucita (n.), PapilUfera, Isahellaria, Graciliaria, Tortula (n.), Fusulus, 
Erjavecia, Iphigenia, Uncinaria, Pirostoma, and Olympia ; most of these 
subgenera are adopted in the limitation given to them by Vest, Verb, 
siebenb. Ver. iv. (1867), and Mollendorf, op. cit. x. (1873), pp. 167 
& 168, xi. (1874) p. 169, and xii. (1875) p. 190. The extra-European 
species, living in Transcaucasia, Asia Minor, and Syria are enumerated 
separately, pp. 162-184; those from Abyssinia and Japan are not men- 
tioned. 
Clausilia, sect. Alhinaria (Vest) : the known species examined and 
critically discussed, with numerous corrections of the synonymy, by O. 
Bottger. He gives full descriptions of 72 species, and several subspecies 
and varieties, nearly all of them from Greece or Asia Minor, some from 
the Ionian Islands, one from the island ‘ Lopadusa ’ (Lampedosa, between 
Sicily and Tunis), and arranges them into 19 subordinate groups; 23 
species more, of which no typical or else sure specimens have been seen 
by the author, are mentioned in an appendix. The following are figured : 
C. hyzantina (Charp.), var. n. adspersa, Crete, pura, sp. n., deglupta, 
sp. n., cretensis (Rossm.), troglodytes (A. Schmidt), stricto-costata, sp. n., 
amalthea (Westerl.), hipalatalis (Martens, MS.), sp. n., striata (Pfr.), 
arthuri (Blanc, MS.), sp. n., hippolyti, sp. n., all from Crete, 
anaphiensis, sp. n., Anaphi, amorgia, sp. n., Amorgo, moreletiana (Blanc, 
MS.), sp. n., Crete, extensa (Pfr ), Crete, clara, sp. n., Crete, chia, sp. n., 
Chios and Samos, with subsp. n. suhmarginata, Asia Minor, unicolor, 
sp. n., Crete, virgo (Mouss.), Cyprus, (Pfr.), Cephalonia, cyclothyra, 
sp. n., Acarnania ?, Mans, sp. n., Dalmatia P, dissipata, sp. n., Lepanto, 
incommoda, sp. n., Zante, with subsp. muraria (A. Schmidt), Morea, 
ncevosa (F^r.), var. epirotica (Mouss.), Epirus, sericata (Pfr.), var. hifilosa 
(Blanc, MS.), Euboea, menelaos (Martens), subsp. n. semicostulata, Mount 
Taygetus, maculosa (Desh.), subsp. arcadica (Patr.), Arcadia. The 
greater number of the species are confined to one island, or one province 
of the continent, but C. nmvosa (Fer.) and contaminata (Ziegl.) live in 
