BRACHIOPODA^ TUNICATA. 
Molh 91 
observed, tenacity of life stated, the animal surviving for half a year in 
a small glass jar, the water being changed only twice, and brought alive 
from Japan to Boston ; id. P. Bost. Soc. xix. p. 266. 
TUNICATA. 
Arctic Seas. Cynthia rustica (Miill.), Molgula arenosa ? (Forb. & 
Haul.), Pelmcea corrugata (Forb. & Haul.), observed at Novaya Zemlya 
during the Swedish Expeditions; Leche, Sv. Ak. Handl. xvi. 2, p. 9. 
Some Tuaicata from the Austrian Arctic Expedition shortly described 
and figured by G. Heller, Denk. Ak. Wien, xxxv. [1875] pp. 43 & 44» 
pi. V. (see special part). 
Mediterranean Sea. C. Heller has continued his paper on the Asci- 
dians of the Mediterranean and Adriatic, treating Cynthia and allied 
genera ; he gives also a list of all simple Ascidians known from these 
seas, 42 species observed by himself, and 9 others, doubtful, taken from 
previous authors: Denk. Ak. Wien, xxxvii. [1877] pp. 271-274, with 
7 pis. (list, pp. 271 & 272). He also describes a number of new exotic 
Ascidians; SB. Ak. Wien, Ixxvii. Abth. i. pp. 83-109, 6 pis. 
Note on the periodical appearance of some Tunicata in the Bay of 
Naples, by R. Schmidtlein ; MT. zool. Stat. Neap. i. p. 132. 
North America. 3 species of Tunicata and 17 of Pohjzoa observed at 
Fort Macon, North Carolina, by E. CouES & H. C. Yarrow, P. Ac. 
Philad. 1878, pp. 303-305. 
AsCIDIiE SIMPLICES. 
Ascidia canaliculata and caudata, Cape of Good Hope, depressiuscula^ 
Ceylon, incrassata, Cape of Good Hope, prostrata, J amaica, spp. nn. ; 
Heller, SB. Ak. Wien, Ixxvii. Abth. i. pp. 84-91, pi. i. figs. 1-4, and 
pi. ii. figs. 8 & 9. 
Ciona intestinalis (L.), from the Arctic Sea ; id. Denk. Ak. Wien, xxxv. 
p. 43, pi. V. fig. 6. 
Cynthia: generic characters discussed, and G. papillosa (L.), scutella, 
sp. n., dura, sp. n., and squamulosa (Alder) described, all observed in the 
Adriatic and Mediterranean, by C. Heller, Denk. Ak. Wien, xxxvii. 
pp. 241-243 & 249-253, pi. ii. figs. 9-12, and pi. hi. figs. 1-6. 
Cynthia aggregata (Miill.) ? and rustica (L.), from the Adriatic Sea ; 
id. op. cit. xxxv. p. 43, pi. v. figs. 7 & 8. 
Cynthia stolonifera. Cape of Good Hope, Icevigata, Jamaica, arcuata, 
New South Wales, prceputialis, Sydney, pallida, Mauritius, Jamaica, 
Tahiti, grandis, Sydney, spp. nn. ; id. SB. Ak. Wien, Ixxvii. Abth. i. 
pp. 92-98, pi. ii. figs. 10-12, pi. hi. figs. 16-18, pi. iv. fig. 22, and pi. v. 
fig. 26. ^ 
Microcosmus, g. n., distinct from Cynthia by the smooth dorsal fold 
without appendages, the closely turned up course of the intestine, and 
two well-developed lobular genital glands. M. vulgaris and polymorphus, 
spp. nn., corresponding to the old Ascidia microcosmus (L.) ; Heller, 
Denk. Ak. Wien, xxxvii. pp. 243-246, pi. i. figs. 1-11, and pi. ii. figs. 1-4, 
