TUNICATA, POLTZOA. 
Moll 93 
form of alternate generation occurs in the Salpce. He repeats his former 
suggestion that the elasoblast may be homologous with the chorda dor- 
salis of the Ascidian larvae, and suggests that in general the asexual or 
nurselike (solitary) form of Salpa, is homologous with the larval stage 
of other Tunicata. Z. wiss. Zool. xxx. suppl. pp. 275-293, pi. xiii. 
APPENDICULARIAi). 
Note on the tail of Appendicularia very much resembling that of the 
larva of Botryllus) Reichert, SB. nat. Fr. 1878, p. 101. 
(Ecopleura mahni, sp. n., Hartmann, SB. nat. Fr. 1878, pp. 97-100, 
Kattegat, with detailed description of its structure. 
POLYZOA. 
A. Giard gives a general account of the present state of knowledge 
concerning the Polyzoa. R. Z. (3) vi. pp. 34-44. 
T. Hincks has observed in Caharea horyi (j^udouin) that the vibracula 
of all animals are moved simultaneously “ with perfect regularity,” and 
thereby calls attention to F. Muller’s observations relating to a “ common 
colonial nervous system ” in the Polyzoa. Q. J. Micr. Sci. xviii. pp. 7-9. 
Abstracts of J. Barrois’s treatise on the development of the Bryozoa 
[Zool. Rec. xiv. Moll. p. 92] are to be found in Arch. Sci. Nat. Ixii. 
No. 244, pp. 81-86, in R. Z. (3) vi. pp. 34-44 (by Giard), and in Am. 
Nat. xii. pp. 617-620 ; of L. Joliet’s paper [/. c. p. 91], also by Giard, 
1. c. ; of W. Salensky’s observations on the Endoprocta [1. c. p. 97], in 
Q. J. Micr. Sci. iviii. pp. 199-205, by T. Hincks. 
J. Barrois publishes some new observations on the first development 
of some chilostomatous Polyzoa, tending to prove that the ectoderm of 
the embryo is the real germinative part, from which the whole animal 
has its origin, and that the internal layers serve only for its nutrition ; 
C. R. Ixxxvii. pp. 463-466. 
W. Repiaciioff gives some observations concerning the first develop- 
ment within the egg of Tendra zostericola, chiefly upon the germinative 
vesicle, the directive vesicle (Richtungs-blaschen), the mode of segmenta- 
tion, the formation of the gastrula and the primary mouth-opening (pro- 
peristome), and its disappearing. He comes to the conclusion that they 
exhibit some difference from the general mode of the development in 
the Polyzoa cTiilostoma and ctenostoma, as observed by Barrois in 1877. 
Z wiss. Zool. xxx. suppl. pp. 411-423, pi. xix. 
The same author also publishes a shorter note on the first development 
and the larval stages of Lopralia pallasiana (Moll), and of two species 
of Bowerhanlda observed at Sebastopol, maintaining his views as to the 
suctorial disk and the coarsely granulated mass, which Barrois has, 
according to him, misinterpreted as stomach and “ oral mesoderm.” 
Zool. Anz. i. pp. 221-224. 
C. W. Peach makes some observations on British Polyzoa, which fix 
themselves by hooks or grapplers ; J. L. S. xiii. pp. 479-486, pi. xxiii. 
A. W. Waters insists on the importance of the opercula for the 
