4 Tu6‘. 
INSECTA. 
Oamerano, L. Di alcune variazioni avvenute nella fauna entoraologica 
del contorno di Torino. Torino: 1878, 8vo, pp. 6 (Extract from 
Alin. R. Accad. Agriciilt. Tor. xxi., referring to beetles only). 
Cornelius, 0. Abnormitaten und Curiositaten bei Insecten. JB. Ver. 
Elberf. v. pp. 47-49. 
Monstrosities or deformities in Carabus auratus and cancellatus, Melo- 
lontha vulgaris, Polyphylla fullo, Lucanus cervus, $ , Aromia moschata, and 
Chrysomela staphylea ; colour varieties of Dynastes tiiyus, Trichius 
fasciatus, Stranyalia 4-fasciata, and Chrysomela varians ; Harpalus rufi- 
cornis Siiadi slu Anoplognathus with thread- worm parasites; Musca domes- 
tica (?) entirely covered with a small yellow Acarid ; Phyllohius rufi- 
cornis, $ , in copula with Polydrosus micans, $ . 
Dewitz, H. Beitriige zur postembryonalen Giliedmassenbilduug bei den 
Insecten. Z. wiss. Zool. xxx. Suppl. pp. 78-105, pi. v. ; Nachtrag, 
op. cit. xxxi. pp. 25-28 (SB. Nat. Fr. 1878, p. 122 ; Ent. Nachr. iv. 
p. 256 et seq.). 
Studies on the formation of the legs and wings in the worker of 
Formica rufa in the larval state and during pupation, and of the wings 
in sexuated individuals; on the development of the wings in Lepido- 
ptera ; and on the formation of the spines on the pronotum in Myrmica 
Iccvinodis ; with comparison of these researches with those of other ob- 
servers, and remarks on the circumstances connected with want of wings 
in the workers of Ants and Termites. 
The existence in the workers of ants of two very small wing-discs 
similar in all ways to those of the future winged individuals, and appear- 
ing with the first development of the creature, is proved. The thoracic 
segmental substances in ants appear first in the young larvae as discoidal 
hypodermal thickenings, separating into a germ (whether of legs or 
wings) and an enveloping layer, which, however, exhibits an external 
aperture ; and these substances throw off a chitinous covering at an early 
stage both in ants, bees, and humble-bees. The formation of the wings 
in Lepidoptera, and indeed of the limb-substances in all Insects, proceeds 
from the hypodermis, though the tracheae, nerves, &c., that penetrate 
them probably always complete the inner construction of the appendages. 
The great difference between females and workers in ants is probably not 
caused by any variation in treatment of the eggs or larvae by the perfect 
workers, as happens in the bees ; the egg most likely receives the germ 
of its future development before exclusion from the mother. In the 
supplement, Schmidt discusses Ganin’s views which have come to his 
knowledge subsequently to the publication of his own paper ; he dis- 
agrees with that author’s views as to the rupture and extrusion of the 
enveloping sac of the limbs. 
Fettig, J. F. Essai d’Entomologie G^nerale appliquee. Les Insectes 
nuisibles de I’Alsace, avec un aper9u des Insectes utiles. Bull. Soc. 
Colm. xvi. & xvii. 1875-76 [1877], p. 89 et seq. 
Flog EL, J. II. L. Ueber den einheitlichen Bau des Gehirns in den 
