1 2 Ins, 
INSECTA. 
carbonic dioxide given off by various Coleoptera, Lejridoptera, and Ortho- 
ptera, noted by 0. Dimmock, Psyche, ii. p. 125. 
Nervous system. Cadiat, G. R. Ixxxvi. p. 1422, in a note on the 
structure of the nerves of the Invertebrata, states that in Crustacea, 
Insecta, and Annelida, this differs from the vertebrate system in the 
complete absence of “ myeline,” a substance possessing great refracting 
power, and situated in the Vertehrata between the cylindrical axis and 
special coating of the nerve-tubes, except the grey threads of the great 
sympathetic nerve. 
The Eyes of Insects. Grenacher’s “ Untersuchungen iiber das Arthro- 
poden-Auge,” published as a supplemental number of the Clinical 
Monatsblatt fiir Augenheilkuude of Rostock, xv. [May, 1877], is very 
fully abstracted in Bertkau’s Bericht, &c., 1877-78, pp. 230-236, with 
observations on the same subject by Exner (SB. Ak. Wien, Ixxii. Abth. 3, 
p. 156 et seq. pi.) and Schmidt (Z. wiss. Zool. xxx. suppl. p. 1 etseq. pi. i.). 
See also Fouel, supra. 
E. Berger’s “Untersuchungen iiber den Bau des Gehirns und der 
Retina der Arthropoden,” Arb. Zool. Inst. Wien, [ii. pp. 173 et seq., & 
iii. p. 437 et seq. 5 pis. ; and Dietl’s “ Die Gewebselemente das Central- 
nervensystems bei wirbellosen Thieren” in Ber. Yer. lunsbr. 1878, may 
be noticed here as bearing on the discussion of hearing in Insects. 
On the functions of the antennae in Insects; Bull. Soc. Nimes, vi. No. i. 
On their physiological importance, &c. ; SB. Ges. Isis, 1877, p. 133. 
Smell acutely developed in Insects, hearing not considered to exist ; 
W. M. Gabb, Nature, xvii. p. 282. 
E. L. Layard, op. cit. xviii. p. 301, adduces further instances proving 
the existence of the smelling faculty, and also supports that of hearing ; 
he quotes Montrouzier of New Caledonia, whose experiments on a 
weevil proved the perception of smell to be in the tip of the antenna 3 . 
A poisonous wasp called “cubo” on the Guaquaquil river is well known 
to appreciate sounds ; A. Simpson, tom. cit. p. 540. This corroborated 
by W. L. Dudley, 1. c. p. 568. 
The antennae considered not the seat of smell. J. W. Slater, Eut. xi. 
p. 233. 
The development of auditory organs and eyes useful in classification ; 
A. H. Swinton, Ent. xi. p. 255. 
Cibarian organs. J. Muhr has published (Prague) five diagrams of 
highly magnified views of these in Carabus, Apis, Fieris, Culex, and 
Fyrrhocoris. The same author, according to Bertkau (Bericht, &c. : 
1877-78), has given a descriptive account in Programm der deutscheu 
Staats-Realgymnasiums, Prag, 1878. 
Intestinal absorption. G. P. Tursini (Rend. Acc. Nap. xvi. 1877, p. 95 
et seq.), in a treatise entitled “ Un prime passe nella ricerca delF assorbi- 
mento intestinale degli Artropodi,” describes his experiments on Fimelia, 
Scaarus, Cetonia, and Blatta. 
On the tegumentary colours of Insects; PI. llemrnerling, Inaugural 
Dissertation, Bonn : 1878. 
Causes of colour in Insects ; Roelofs, GR. Ent. Bolg. xxi. p. cclxvi. 
