J60 Ins, 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
proving that its development proceeds from complex to simple, and 
greatly strengthening the probability of the origin of the Lepidoptera 
from the Trichoptera. It has hitherto been supposed that the subcostal 
nervure in many Pieridos was only four-branched ; but observations on 
the pupa of Callidryas argante prove that this is not the case, but that 
branches five and six of the costal nervure are united. Kosmos, i. 
pp. 388-391. 
MtJLLER, F. Ueber Haarpinsel, Filzflecke und ahnliche Gebilde auf 
den Fliigeln manulicher Schmetterlinge. Jen. Z. Nat. xi. pp. 89-113 ; 
Kosmos, i. pp. 260 & 261. 
The writer first brings together the observations of other authors on 
this subject, and adds detailed observations of his own, which have led 
him to the conclusion that these are scent-producing organs.^ 
Schneider, R. Die Schuppen au den verschiedenen Fliigel- und Kor- 
pertheilen der Lepidopteren. Z. ges. Nat. li. pp. 1-59, pis. i.-iii. 
An elaborate paper, of which it is impossible to give an abstract, 
detailing the writer’s general and comparative observations on the cha- 
racter of the scales clothing different parts of the wings and body of a 
great number of species. 
Vincent, H. M. Notions 414mentaires de Micrographie. Feuil. Nat. 
viii. pp. 141-143, 163, & 156, pis. iii. & iv. 
Chiefly relates to scales of Lepidoptera. 
Scales of Lepidoptera^ &c., as microscopical objects ; J. Hogg, Sci. Goss, 
xiii. pp. 57-60, woodcuts. 
Sounds produced by Lepidoptera ; Landois, JB. zool. Sect. Westf. Ver. 
1877-78, p. 18. 
F. Muller publishes further notes on the scent-organs of butterflies, and 
describes and figures the peculiar tufted scales on the costa of the hind 
wings in Heliconius^ Evides^ Colcenis, and Dione, which have no ana- 
logues in other butterflies, except in a species of Hesperocharis. Both 
sexes likewise possess defensive scent-producing organs at the extremity 
of the abdomen ; Kosmos, i. pp. 391-395. 
In a further article (Kosmos, ii. pp. 38-41) he continues the subject, 
with special reference to the scales of Dione vanillce, and mentions that 
he has at length succeeded in finding similar, but scattered, scales in the 
same position, in the males of Argynnis aglaia and niole. 
MtJLLER, F. Os Organs Odoriferos nas Pernas de certos Lepidopteros. 
Arch. Mus. R. Jan. ii. pp. 37-46, pis. iv. & v. 
Treats of various species, including several families of moths as well as 
butterflies. 
Remarks on the scent-scales of butterflies ; A. Weismann, Zool. Anz. i. 
pp. 98 & 99. 
Sense of smell in moths ; E. L. Layard, Nature, xviii. p. 301. 
SCHILD, J. Gegen die Manchester- theorie in der Schopfung ein Lepido- 
pterolog. Z. ges. Naturw. 1. pp. 1-64. 
A long controversial paper, in great part relating to Lepidoptera, and 
