ANNULA'J'A. 
Verm. 15 
belong to the series. The relations of the Anneltdes to the Vertebrata are 
discussed in detail. 
Ulianin’s notes on Sagitella (56) comprise an account of the tegumen- 
tary system ; cuticle absent from the anterior part of the buccal segment 
and the elytra ; of the nervous system — the cerebral ganglionic mass 
of Ulianin is stated to be the glandular portion of an organ which 
lies above the cesophagus, and a true ganglionic chain is asserted 
to exist ; small rod-like bodies, apparently sensory, are connected with 
the elytra ; of the digestive system — the anus is dorsal, an elongated 
organ, which probably secretes an offensive liquid, is connected with the 
oesophagus ; in the walls of the intestine there are enormous epithelium- 
cells, such as are found in the same region in some larval Annelids ; of 
the segmental organs — these are found in all but the buccal segment, those 
of the fifth segment serve as efferent ducts for the generative products ; 
of the reproductive organs — the Sagitellidce are hermaphrodite, and the 
ova remain for a time in connection with the parent, under cover of the 
elytra of the 4th and 5th segments ; apparently no metamorphosis. Their 
zoological position is discussed, and they are placed as a distinct group 
of the OligochcBta under the name of Typhloscolecidce^ which family is 
defined, as are also the two contained genera, Typhloscolex^ Busch (1851), 
and Sagitella^ N. Wagner (1872). 
Studer (55) gives an account of the anatomy of Brada mammillata, 
Grube, in which he indicates the points of similarity between this and 
other Pheruseidcc^ with which group he would place it ; the tentacles and 
branchia) are however absent, and the tubercular glands, the secretion of 
which makes a compact mass out of particles of sand to serve as an 
investment for the animal, are stated to be peculiar to this form. He 
also enters on the characters of Opliryotrocha claparedii^ sp. n., and com- 
pares it with 0. puerilis^ from which it differs in possessing only one 
circlet of cilia on the head, in the great simplicity of the labrum, and in 
size. 
Lowe’s (47) observations are based on the gill of Spirorhis, the histo- 
logy of which is described in detail ; there are some ingenious specula- 
tions on the homology between the cephalic structures, and especially 
the ear of Yertebrates, with apparently corresponding parts in the 
Annelid. 
Yejdovsky (57) deals principally with the structure of Tomopteris 
vitrina ; the nervous system is described ; the “ rosette-like organ ” is 
shown to be a paropodial eye ; the origin of the sexual products as 
groups of cells on the membranes which project into the parapodia are 
described, and the paper concludes with a critical revision of the species 
of the genus. 
McIntosh’s observations on Magelona (48), now published in full, deal . 
very fully with the structure of this animal, described as Maea mirabilis 
by Johnston ; it is very common at St. Andrew’s ; it exhibits affinity to 
Prionospio and Heterospio^ on the one h<and, and to Spiochcetojyterus on 
the other, while the proboscis, cephalic lobes, and circulatory organs are 
arranged in a special manner. The physiological relation^ of its organs 
are insisted on, as is the existence of corpuscles in the blood ; the coelom 
