SPONGIIDA. 
2 Spong, 
Warmer der k. k. Oesterreichiach-ungarischen Nordpol-Expedition. 
Denk. Ak. Wien, xxxv. p. 367, pis. i.-iv. 
13. Mereschkowsky, 0. On Wagnerella, a New Genus of Sponge, 
nearly allied to the Physemaria of Ernst Hackel. Ann. N. H. (6) i. 
p. 70, pi. V. ; and (fuller account) Mem. Petersb. (7) xxvi. No. 7, 
p. 15, pi. ii. figs. 1-5 [the pages refer to Ann. N. H. where not other- 
wise stated]. 
14. . Etudes sur les lllponges de la Mer Blanche. Mem. Petersb. 
(7) xxvi. No. 7, p. 1, pis. i.-iii. (A preliminary report appeared in 
Russian, published separately.) 
15. Norman, A. M. On the Genus Haliphysema^ with description of 
several forms apparently allied to it. Ann. N. H. (6) ii. p. 264, 
pi. xvi. (note correcting the numbers of the figures, p. 426). 
16. SCHULTZE, F. E. Untersuchungen fiber den Bau und die Entwick- 
lung der Spongien. Vierte Mittheilung. Die Familie der Aply~ 
sinidce. Z. wiss. Zool. xxx. pp. 379-420, pis. xxi.-xxiv. 
17. . Untersuchungen, etc. Ffinfte Mittheilung. Die Metamor- 
phose von Sycandra raphanus. Op. cit. xxxi. p. 261, pis. xviii. & 
xix. 
18. . Untersuchungen, etc. Sechste Mittheilung. Die Gattung 
Spongelia. Op. cit. xxxii. p. 117, pis. v.-viii. 
19. SoLLAS, W. J. On Two New and Remarkable Species of Cliona. 
Ann. N. H. (5) i. p. 64, pis. i. & ii. 
20. Thomson, C. W. Voyage of the ‘Challenger.’ The Atlantic. 
London : 1877, 2 vols., plates and woodcuts. 
21. Waller, J. G. On variation in Spongilla fluviatilis. J. Quek. 
Club, No. 37, p. 53, pi. v. 
The following has not been seen by the Recorder ; — 
E. Metschnikofp, Untersuchungen fiber Spongien ; M4m. Soc. Nouv. 
Russ. iv. [in Russian]. Cf. JB. Anat. Physiol, vii. ii. 
Studer, in SB. nat. Fr. 1878, p. 135 et seq.^ mentions the dredging of 
Renieridce^ Suberitidince, Lithistidce^ in 115-160 fathoms off the W. coast 
of Africa, by the ‘ Gazelle.’ 
Note. — The name of the author of paper (6) of Spongiida in Zool. 
Rec. xiv. 1877, should have been Grimm, not Gremma. 
Classification. 
O. Butschli, in note, Z. wiss. Zool. xxx. p. 221, regards the Sponges, 
on the ground of the latest embryological results, as clearly and widely 
distinct from the Ccslenterata, and to be placed beside them as an inde- 
pendent group of equal value. 
H. A. Nicholson (‘ Ancient Life History of the Earth.’ Edinburgh 
and London : 1877) makes the Spongiida an order of Protozoa. 
