4 8]pong. 
SPONQIIDA. 
The Fauna of the White Sea includes (14), besides other Sponges men- 
tioned or described below, Suberites, Myxilla, Esperia^ Reniera^ AmorpHna^ 
Scopalinaj Spongilla, Ascetta, Ascortis^ Ascandra. 
Distribution of Sponges in Atlantic ; (20) ii. pp. 332-338, 343. 
Table showing occurrence of Sponges, among other animals, at depths 
of more than 2000 fathoms, i.e., at 52 stations, during the ‘ Challenger* 
voyage ; (20) ii. p. 382. 
H. Lenz in Anhang i. zum Jahresbericht der Commission zur wissen- 
schaftlichen Untersuchung der Deutschen Meere in Kiel, iv.-vi. (Berlin : 
1878), mentions Halisarca dujardini, Pellina hihula, and Chalinula ovulum^ 
as identified from the Travemiinde Bay, Baltic. 
Genera, Species, &c., referred to. 
Carnosa (Carter). 
Halisarca dujardini (Johnston) and lohularis (Schmidt), cited for the 
fauna of the Black and Caspian Seas (5). 
Halisarca lohularis (11), pi. vi. figs. 19 & 20, pi. vii. figs. 1-8. Develop- 
ment and cells figured ; its ciliated chamber is produced by fission from 
a single amoeboid cell. 
Ceratina and Psammonemata (Carter). 
Aplysinidcc (10) taken to include Aplysina, Verongia, Dendrospongia, 
Darwinella, Janthella. 
Aplysina aeropTioha, Nardo, (18) p. 386, pis. xxi. & xxii. Minutely 
described. Agrees with Chondrosia and Chondrilla in arrangement of its 
canal system. Possesses numbers of pigment masses in mesoderm, 
which are the colouring agents in the Sponge. Skeleton fibres more or 
less round, their central substance traversed by radiating fibrils. 
Aplysina carnosa^ Schmidt, (16) p. 404. 
Darwinellidcc^ new family, (14) p. 44, to include Aplysilla and Dar- 
winella, as possessing a skeleton of mutually distinct fibres. 
Euspongia (18), development as in Spongelia pallescens. 
Spongelia. F. E. Schulze (18) describes, with diagnoses, the following 
species and varieties, which are all connected by transition forms : — 
Spongelia avara, Schmidt ; minute description of structure ; pi. v. 
fig. 1, pi. vi. figs. 1, 4, pi. vii. fig. 7, pi. viii. figs. 1-3, 5-7, 13 & 14. The 
connective tissue surrounding the ciliated chambers consists of a hyaline 
substance, and distinguishes Spongelia from the other Ceraospongice. In 
the cavities of this tissue, ova were obseived. 
Spongelia fistularis, S. perforata, S. nitella, Sdt., and probably also S. 
putrescens, Nardo, = S. pallescens, Sdt., pis. v. vi. vii. & viii. figs. The soft 
structures and reproductions agree with those of S. avara. Dioecious. 
Subspecies of Spongelia pallescens : \.,fragilis, p. 149, pi. v. figs. 2 & 3, 
with form-varieties incrustans, tubulosa, ramosa, is probably Lieberkiihn’s 
“horny sponge. No. 3”; ii., elastica, p. 150, pi. v. fig. 1, &c., with var. 
massa = S. nitella, Sdt., and with var. ramosa = S. fistularis and per- 
forata, Sdt. 
Spongelia elegans, Nardo, (18) p. 151, Naples and Venice. 
Spongelia cactos, Selenka, (16) referred to Aplysilla, F. E. Sch., g. n. 
