GENERA, SPECIES, &C. 
Spovg. 7 
sedence of the smooth by the spined spicules. Therefore Spongilla 
parfitU and meyeni, Bk., are shown to be merely varieties of S. fluviatilis 
(and here named S. fluviatilis var. spinosa, or spinifera). Varieties in 
the siz6 of the birotulates are also pointed out and figured. 
“ Gemmule'* resembling that of marine found in specimen from 
pond in Essex, (21) pi. v. fig. 7. 
Spongilla haileyi^ Bowerbank, (6) p. 4, from Lake of the Woods. 
Spongilla coralloides^ Bowerbank, P. Liverp. Soc. xxxii. p. 56. Speci- 
men from Uruguay River, deep water, described by T. Higgins : perhaps 
it is descended from a marine form. 
Haliphysema echinoides^ Hackel, (1) p. 173 : its extraneous spicule tufts 
not comparable with the anchoring spicules truly secreted by Wyville- 
thomsonia wallichi. 
Haliphysema tuhulatum, Bowerbank, (15) p. 266, is no Haliphysema^ 
but referred to Aulospongus, g.n. 
Haliphysema tumanowiczi from the Dee ; J. D. Siddall, P. Chester Soc. 
No. 2, p. 47. According to W. S. Kent, Ann. N. H. (5) i. p. 71, pis. iv. 
& V., it shows anastomosing fibres between the spicules, with nuclear and 
vacuolar bodies in the granular circulating protoplasm ; prehension and 
digestion observed. Varieties figured, also apparently young forms. Its 
Foraminiferal nature is considered proved. E. Parfitt, op. cit. (5), iii. 
p. 88, thinks that perhaps its structure is for movement of the pedicel. 
Pores described. 
Haliphysema tumanowiczi^ Bk., (15) p. 274, = H. primordiale, Hack., 
= Gastrophysema dithalamium^ Hack., = G. scopula., Hack. H. ramu- 
losum, Bk., 1. c. p. 276, distinct from preceding species. H. echinoides, 
Hack., 1. c. p. 276, has a merely isomorphic resemblance to Wyvillethom- 
sonii wallichi, Wright, = Tisiphonia agarimformis, Thomson. H. glohU 
gerina, Hack., 1. c. p. 278. 
Haliphysema echinoides, (13) p. 76, = Wyvillethomsonia wallichi, «= 
Dorvillia agariciformis. 
Haliphysema confertum, Norman (15), p. 279, pi. xvi. figs. 1 & 2. 
Sguamulina scapula, Carter, (15) pp. 269-282, is not polythalamous at 
its base, and is no Squamulina, and should be Haliphysema tumanowiczii, 
Bk., and referred back to Sponges as forming part of the new order 
PSAMMOTEICHINA, between Ceratina and Psammonemata, Carter. 
Gastrophysema, Hackel (15), p. 273, only a much developed Hali~ 
physema. 
Gastrophysema primordiale. The so-called gland cells are only encysted 
Monads ; W. S. Kent, Pop. Sci. Rev. (n. s.) ii. p. 127. 
Hexactinellida. 
Euplectella aspergillum, Owen, fig. 160, and Hyalonema sieboldi. Gray, 
fig. 160, figured by L. K. Schmarda, Zoologie, 2nd ed. i. (Wien : 1877). 
Euplectella aspergillum, Owen, (20) i. fig. 28. 
Hyalonema mirahile, a popular account of the history, &c., of; T. C. 
Maggs, Rep. & Tr. Plym. Inst. ii. p. 21, and Rep. Dorset. N. H. Club, ii. 
p. 21, where it and Euplectella aspergillum are figured. 
Poliopogon amadou, Thomson, and Hyalonema toxeres, id., Leporella 
(? Lefroyella'), fragments of, Euplectella, sp., dredged between Tortugas 
