18 Aves. 
AVES. 
James I., supplemented by an account of Hawking in Norfolk in tbe pre- 
sent century. For Birds, see pp. 18-175, where numerous foot-notes by 
T. Southwell show the alterations which have taken place during the 
last thirty years. 
Lucas, Joseph. The Naturalist in Nidderdale. Zool. 1879 [Birds], 
pp. 403-417. 
Lydekkeu, R. Notes on some Siwalik Birds. Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind. xii. 
pp. 52-67. 
A preliminary notice of some fragmentary fossil bird-bones obtained 
by Mr. Theobald, and with reference to the bones previously collected 
by Dr. Falconer, upon which A. Milne-Edwards established two species. 
Some of these fossils are referred to a new species of Dromams ICasuar- 
iidoi'], and others to a new species of a new genus Megaloscelornis ICico- 
niiclce]. 
. Elementary Sketch of the Osteology of Birds, with 4 plates. Str. 
Feath. viii. pp. 1-36. 
McChesney, 0. E. Notes on the Birds of Fort Sisseton^ Dakota Ter- 
ritory. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. v. pp. 71-103. 
Field notes on the 155 species (the total number being 157) found on 
the little-known elevated plateau in Dakota known as the Ooteau des 
Prairies. 
MacLeod, Jules. Sur la Structure de la Glande de Harder du Canard 
domestique. Bull. Ac. Belg. xlvii. pp. 797-810, pi. i. 
Marchand a. Note sur les Poussins des Oiseaux d’Europe. R. Z. (3) 
vi. pp. 309-312, pis. x.-xiii. IFalconidce, Scolopacidce, Laridoi.'] 
Marsh, O. 0. The Vertebrae of Recent Birds. Am. J. Sci. (3) xvii. 
pp. 266-269. Abstract in Science News, i. pp. 164 & 165. 
The author points out that the pre-sacral vertebrae of all existing species 
of birds, as well as of all those known from the Tertiary deposits, exhibit 
the saddle-shaped articulation of the centra, and that the origin of this 
formation is to be sought for in the Cretaceous birds, especially the 
widely divergent toothed birds Ichthyornis and Hesperornis. In the 
latter, a huge, wingless swimming-bird, the vertebra) correspond with the 
modern avian type ; but in the former, a small bird capable of extended 
flight, the vertebrae are bi-concave, as in fishes, reptilians, and a few 
reptiles. In the third cervical vertebra of Ichthyornis^ one form of 
vertebra is, as it were, detected in the act of modification, and the 
development of the modern style of ornithic vertebra from the fish-like 
bi-concave form is explained. Illustrating these and subsequent details 
by woodcuts, the author considers the classification and development of 
the various forms of vertebrae to be — (1) Bi-concave vertehree (Fishes and 
Amphibians); (2) P/awe (Mammals) ; (3) Qup-and-hall vertehree 
(Reptiles) ; (4) Saddle vertehree (Birds), the highest typo. 
Marshall, G. F- L. See Fuchrasia hiddulphi, sp. n. \_Phasianidce']. 
