ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 
Moll 13 
2 . Muscular System, and Movement. 
H. SiMROTH has published a second paper on the locomotion of snails, 
in which he maintains and details his former statements [see Zool. Rec. 
XV. Moll. p. 9] as to the extensile muscular fibres, the fluid contents of 
which are said to be coagulated by nervous influence, the coagulation 
advancing from behind and causing an extension of the fibre towards the 
front. The movement, if once excited, continues without further nervous 
influence until stopped by nervous action. Both these actions are exer- 
cised by a peculiar net of nervous fibres, which contains many cells, and ’ 
is situated within the foot. Z. wiss. Zool. xxxii. pp. 284-322, pis. xvi. & 
xvii. ; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. ii. pp. 399-401. 
3 . Digestion. 
The mechanism of the radula (odontophore), with its cartilages and 
muscles, in Loligo^ Patella, and Baccinum, is described by P. Grddes. 
He thinks that it is more simple and primary in the Cephalopods, and 
highly specialized in Baccinum', a “chain-saw-like” travelling of the 
radula over the cartilages is, according to him, impossible in the Cuttle- 
fish, and highly improbable in Baccinum. Tr. Z. S. x. pp. 485-491, 
pi. Ixxx.-lxxxii. 
JoussRT DIO Biollesmr states that in the Cephalopods the secretion 
of the liver only transforms the albuminoid matter, having no effect on 
the grease and amylon, and therefore rather resembles the pancreatic 
secretion of the Vertebrates. C. R. Ixxxviii. pp. 304-306, 428 & 429. 
This is also stated by L. Fr^dericq, Rev. Int. 1879, pp. 263 & 271 ; 
abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. ii. pp. 406 & 407. 
Cadiat gives some notes on the lobular structure of the liver in the 
Gastropods, and on its secretion, which is decolorised and dissolved by 
nitric acid, and regarded as a defivate of haematoidin. C. R. Soc. Biol. 
1877 (1879), p. 217. 
C. F. W. Krukenberg states that the hepato-intestinal vessels of the 
JBolididai contain really an enzymotic fluid, and have, therefore, digestive 
functions ; Untersuch. physiol. Inst. Univ. Heidelb. ii. pp. 351-353. He 
also confirms the view that the digestive faculties of the liver in the 
Mollusca include also that of the pancreas in Vertehrata ; 1. c. pp. 403-423, 
and in his work, “ Vergleichende physiologische Studien an den Kusten 
der Adiia,” pp. 67-76, with 1 pi. ; abstract in Arch. Z. exper. vii. 
p. xxxi. 
4 . Circulation. 
Blood-cells of the Bivalves : abstract of Flemming’s observations 
(Arch. mikr. Anat. xv. [1878] p. 243) in J. R. Micr. Soc. ii. p. 398. 
‘ Haemocyanin ’ in the blood of Cephalopods: L. Fr^dericq’s paper 
[Zool. Rec. XV. Moll. p. 10], also in Bull. Ac. Belg. xiv. [1878] ; abstract 
in J. R. Micr. Soc. ii. p. 164. 
S. JouRDAiN states that the small arteries in Arion rufus and other 
Mollusca open at the surface of the organs into the general cavity of the 
