14 Moll. 
MOLLUSCA. 
body by distinct funnel-shaped orifices ; he thinks that the supposed 
aquiferous orifices of the Bivalves, &c., are of the same nature, and that 
Alder and Hancock have already figured these orifices in their anatomy 
of Doto, pi. iv. fig. 10. 0. R. Ixxxviii. pp. 186 & 187; abstract in Ann. 
N. H. (5) iii. p. 213, and in J. R. Micr. Soc. ii. p. 164. 
S, Tkinchese defends his statement as to the existence of a special 
system of vessels, perhaps lymphatic, in the hepatic lobes of Ercolania 
(JEoUdidoi), against the objections made by Bergh ; these vessels contain 
chlorophyll. The hepatic cells are provided with cilia. Rend. Acc. 
Bologn. 1878-79, pp. 166-171. 
5. Respiration. 
S. JouuDA IN states that a Mexican species of Amp/ //arm has a dis- 
tinct pulmonary division of the respiratory cavity [already described in 
this genus by Troschel, Arch. f. Nat. xi. 1846] and atrophied gills ; also 
that a large number of veins ramify in the walls of the pulmonary pouch, 
whilst the blood from the atrophied gill returns to the vessels of the 
mantle, from which it reaches the pulmonary chamber. 0. R. Ixxxviii. 
pp. 981-983 ; abstract in J. R. Micr. Soc. ii. p. 716. 
A. Sabatier describes the aft’erent vessels of the lung and renal organ 
in Amjndlaria, and shows how more blood is driven by a valvular spur, 
at the junction of the afferent vessel of the gills and the special afferent 
vessel of the lung, into the lung when the gills are collapsed, and into the 
gills when the lung is collapsed. O. R. Ixxxviii. pp. 1325-1327 ; abstract 
in Ann. N. H. (5) iv. pp. 323-325, and in J. R. Micr. Soc. ii. pp. 857-859. 
Van Haren-Noman describes the structure of the gills in Pecten 
grcenlandicuSj Lima elliptica, Modiola discors^ Cardium islandicum, and 
Astarte sulcata ; he also gives a list of the different structures observed 
in 28 species of Bivalves, viz., (1) composed of free filaments in Anomia, 
Pecten grcenlandicus, Mytilus edulis, Modiola discot's, and Area noce ; (2) 
in form of a fenestrated plate, in Dreissena polymorpha, Unio pictorum 
and margaritifer, Anodonta^ Kellia^ Astarte sulcata, and Macra stultorum\ 
(3) in form of a plaited plate, in Ostrea hippopus, Lima ellijitica, Pinna 
nohilis, Chamostrea alhida, Venus [^Cytherea~\ chione and F. gallina, Car- 
dium edule and islandicum, Myochama anomioides, Cochlodesma, Solen 
vagina, Donax trunculus, Mya arenaria, M. truncata, and Pholas dactylus ; 
(4) in form of side-pieces only, in Pecten jacoheeus. Tijdschr. Nederl. 
Dierk. Ver. iv. pp. cxi.-exvi. 
6. Excretion and Secretion. 
J. W. ViGELius {supra) describes the excretory organs of Sepia 
officinalis, Sepiola rondeleti, Rossia macrosoma, Loligo vulgaris, Omma- 
strephes sagittatus, Thysanoteuthis rhombus. Octopus macropus, tuhercu- 
latus, and heterocirrus, Eledone moschata and aldrovandi, Tremoctopus 
violaceus, A rgonauta argo, and Nautilus pompilius ; he also describes 
separately both sexes of most of them. The so-called venous appendages 
are really the renal organs ; they produce a solid, not fluid excretion. In 
