3i Moll. 
MOLLtTSCA. 
Kerguelen Island. The known Mollusca, 13 marine Bivalves, 26 marine 
Gastropods, and 1 Cephalopod enumerated, and their topographical and 
bathymetrical distribution pointed out by E. A. Smith, Phil. Tr. clxviii. 
pp. 167-192, and T. Studer, Arch. f. Nat. xlv. pp. 127-129. 
Paleontology oe Kecent Species. 
A. Locard has compared the quaternary and the recent malacological 
fauna of the environs of Lyons. 114 terrestrial and 56 freshwater 
species now live in that district, 33 and 26 of which respectively existed 
there during the quaternary period ; among these 33 terrestrial species, 
20 live also in the higher Alpine districts. Most of the small and middle- 
sized species of Helix, nearly all the species of Bulimus, including B. 
detritus, Pupa muscorum, and some species of Clausilia, nearly all the 
species of Planorbis, Limncea, Bitkynia, Valvata, Neritina, and Pisidium, 
existed in the quaternary period ; but Helix pomatia and aspersa, the 
whole subgenns Torquilla, Planorbis corneas, Paludina fasciata, and all 
species of Anodonta and Unio, are of more recent origin. Ann. Soc. 
Agric. Lyon (5) i. [1878] pp. 343-360. 
23 species found in peat and calcareous tufa beds near Pyrmont, all 
recent, and most of them still living in the same region, are enumerated 
by P. Hesse, JB. zool. Sect. Westf. Mus. 1879, p. 99. 
Helix fietens, var. duffti, and Zonites verticillus, contemporaneous with 
Felis spelcea and Elephas primigenius in the valley of the Saale, Thu- 
ringia ; Richter, SB. nat. Fr. 1879, p. 6, & Nadir, mal. Ges. 1879, p. 31 ; 
also Z. geol. Ges. 1879, p. 282. 
List of 24 land and 18 freshwater shells found in the ‘‘ travertins ” 
(calcareous tufa) of Tuscany by D. Pantanelli, Bull. Soc. mal. Ital. v. 
pp. 162-163 ; they are all still living in the same country, but Vnio is 
quite absent, and Clausilia very scarce. 32 terrestrial and 10 freshwater 
species from the same formation at Ascoli, Piceno; E. Valentini, to7n. 
cit. pp. 234-236. 
V. Hilber enumerates and figures 12 land shells from diluvial (plisto- 
cene) beds in the valley of Amphissa, Lokris, and 6 from diluvial beds 
south of Larissa, Thessaly ; they are all species still living in Greece, 
most even in the same districts. Denk. Ak. Wien, xl. pp. 209-212, pi. 
Four terrestrial species from the Loss, in Northern China, province 
Honan, collected by Baron Richthofen, determined by E. v. Martens, 
SB. nat. Fr. 1879, p. 73 (three still living in China, one new and perhaps 
extinct). 
Subfossil freshwater shells from the Fayoom (Egypt), above the present 
level of Birket-el-Kerun (Lake Moeris), collected by Dr. Schweinfurth, 
all still living in the Nile; id. 1. c. pp. 100 & 101. 
Subfossil freshwater shells found in the Colorado desert, viz., Physa 
humerosa (Gould), Tryonia protea (Gould ; 300 in a lump of earth about 
the size of a man’s fist), Amnicola longinqua (Gould), Planorbis grad- 
lentus (Gould), and Anodonta calif orniensis (Lea) ; Stearns, Am. Nat. 
xiii. pp. 141-154. 
