7 Grusl. 
CRUSTACEA. 
which may have the functions of gills ; there is no heart. Arb. z. Inst. 
Wien, ii. No. 5, pp. 37-40, pi. i. figs. 13, 15 & IG. 
Respiration entirely anal in Cyclops ; Hartog, Rep. Br. Assoc. (Shef- 
field) 1879, p. 376. 
4. Digestion. 
0. F. W. Kuukenberg states that the liver of the common crayfish 
and other Crustacea contains two sorts of ferments by which albuminous 
substances are digested ; he names them tryptic and peptic enzym, the 
latter digesting also fibrine. Both are present also in Maia squinado and 
verrucosa^ Carcinus mamas, and Palinurus communis ; only the former in 
JSriphia spinifrons and Squilla mantis^ almost only the latter in the 
lobster. Uiitersuch. physiol. Inst. Univ. Heidelberg, v. pt. 3, pp. 2G1-272. 
5. Organs of Generation, 
The cases of dimorphous males in the Crustacea recapitulated by 
Norman ; Ann. N. H. (5) iv. pp. 178-180. 
Abstract of Guoiiben’s paper on the male organs of the Decapods 
(Arb. z. Inst. Wien, i. [1878]) in J. R. Micr. Soc. ii. pp. 420-422. 
Abstract of Mayer’s paper on the Hermaphroditism of some Cymo- 
theidee [Zool. Rec. xv. Crust, p. 9] ; 1. c. pp. 720 & 721. 
For Schorl’s observations on the copulation and changes in the sexual 
organs of the terrestrial Isopods, Weismann’s on the spermatozoids, the 
copulation and parthenogenetic generations in the Daphniidee, and 
Gruber’s on the spermatozoids and copulation of the Copepods, see 
in/rd, in the special part. 
6 . Embryology and Metamorphosis. 
The nuchal organ, really a gland, is present during the whole life in 
Branchipus and Apus, Esiheria, Limnetis, and Limnadia, also in Moina 
paradoxa (Weism.) ; only during the embryonal or larval stage in Moina 
rectirostris (Baird), Sida, Gammarus, Euphausia, Cuma and Pandalus, 
Cyclops and Ergasilus. Grobben, Arb. z. Inst. Wien, ii. No. 5, pp. 6G-G1, 
pis. vi. & vii. 
Pinnixa {cylindrica, White ?). The last Zbea-stage and first Brachy- 
uran stage, occurring without interruption, the Megalopa-stage being 
completely suppressed, described by Faxon, Bull. Mus. C. Z. v. No. 11, 
pp. 263-265, pis. iv. & v. Another species of Pinnixa seems to have a 
Megalopa-^iSigQ, according to the observations of Smith, 1. c. p. 265. 
Pinnoteres maculatus (Say). Note on its larva ; Smith, 1. c. p. 265, 
footnote. 
Porcellana {Polyonyx') macrocheles (Gibbes). liast Zoea-stage and first 
Porcellana-^iskgQi described by Faxon, 1. c. pp. 256-262, with list of works 
relating to the development in this genus, pis. ii. & iii. 
Hippa talpoides (Say). The first stage of the larva, devoid of lateral 
spines, with short and broad rostrum, described ; id. 1. c. pp. 254-256, 
pi. i. 
