GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, CLASSIFICATION. Grust. 12 
Isopoda, 1 Nebalid, and 1 Decapod (Flalicarcinus). Studer, Arch. f. 
Nat. xlv. pp. 126 & 127. 
Two marine Copepods, Calanus Jinmarcliicus (Gunner) and Sapphirina 
dance (Lubbock), collected in the Southern Indian Ocean, 35'’ S., 45'’ 30 
E., one, Harpacticus fulvm (Fischer), a European species, abundant in 
pools above highwater-mark in Kerguelen Island ; Brady, Phil. Tr. 
clxviii. pp. 215 & 216. 
Twenty species of BracTiyura^ 5 Paguridce, 6 Caridea, 2 Squillidea 
enumerated by E. J. Miers, in the Zoology of Rodriguez, Crustacea^ 12 
pp. They are all known also from other parts of the Indian Ocean, 
Eastern Africa, or Malayan Archipelago (mostly from both). Of Cari- 
dina typus (M. E.) alone, no other locality can be stated, although the 
species was known before. 
Classification. 
A. S. Packard, Jr,, in “ Zoology for Students, &c.,’’ pp. 292-324, divides 
the Crustaceans into two series of Orders (or two sub-classes), Neo- 
CARIDA, normal, mostly now living, though containing numerous Palae- 
ozoic forms, and Palalocarida, more generalized, represented by fossil 
Trilobites and Eiirypterida, and by the living Limulus. The Neocarida 
are thus subdivided : Girripedia, Entomostraca, Branchiopoda (with sub- 
orders Cladocera and Phyllopoda), Tetradecapoda (Isopods and Amphi- 
pods), Phyllocarida (n.), Stomapoda, and Decapoda. The PJiyllocarida 
are proposed as an Order for the reception of the Nebaliidm — the fore- 
runner of the Decapods, connecting them with the Phyllopods and lower 
Orders, and represented by Hymenocaris and other fossil forms, and the 
living Nehalia. The Palasocarida, which are again divided into Mero- 
stomata (with sub-orders Xiphosura and Eiirypterida) and Trilohita, may 
possibly be found to form a distinct class of Arthropods, equivalent to and 
intermediate between the Crustacea and Insecta ; but they are at pre- 
sent retained among the Crustacea from their breathing by external gills. 
The higher Amphipods are connected with the shrimps by a fossil group, 
or sub-order, which may be called Anthracarida (p. 306). See also Am. 
Nat. xiii. pp. 785-787 ; Ann. N. H. (5) iii. p. 459 ; J. R. Micr. Soc. ii. 
p. 713. 
Here may be mentioned Gerstacker’s elaborate account of the Trilo- 
hitce in his general treatise of the Crustacea, “ Klassen und Ordnungen 
des Thierreichs,” v. Arthropoda, pp. 1143-1306, pis, xliii.-xlix. Availing 
himself of the numerous special researches of Barrande, and his own 
exact and extended knowledge of all divisions of the Arthropoda, the 
author comes to the conclusion that the Trilohitce are real Crustaceans, 
and form a distinct order among them, which has only superficial resem- 
blance to some Isopods, but some very remarkable relations on one side 
to the Phyllopods, viz. : the variable number of the segments, the general 
shape of the cephalothorax, and the structure of the hypostoma, which 
agree perfectly with the labrum of Apus ; and on the other to Limulus, 
by the situation and form of the eyes, the general shape of the cephalo- 
thorax, and the tripartite disposition of the whole body. Arguing from 
the general character of the Artliropoda, and the external analogy with 
