28 Arachn. 
AEACHNIDA. 
Club, i. pp. 1-235, pis. i.-iii. ; with Introduction, pp. i.-xli. and pre- 
face. Sherborne: 1879. 
The Introduction details both the internal and external structure of 
Spiders, and their differences from Insects and other Arachnids ; also 
their habits, economy, snares, mode of entrapping their prey, nests and 
egg- cocoons, gossamer, use of their silken lines, venom, sexual differences, 
protective resemblance to insects and other objects, enemies, affection for 
their young, duration of life, classification, mode of capture and pre- 
servation, and where to look for them. 245 species belonging to 46 
genera (to Ero, C. L. Koch, inclusive) and 9 families are described 
(Theraphosidce, Dysderidce^ Drassidce, Eresidce, Dictynidce, Agele7iidce, 
Scytodidce, Pholcidce, Theridiidce), seven of the species are described as 
new, and one new genus, Rohertus {Theridiidce), is characterized. The 
plates illustrate structural details, and several of the families. 
[Cambridge, O. P.] On some New and Rare Spiders from New Zea- 
land, with characters of four new genera. P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 681-703, 
pis. lii. & liii. 
Seventeen species (15 new) of various families and genera are 
described. The new genera belong to the Di'assidce, Agelenidce, and 
Theridiidce. 
-. On some new species of Araneidea. Ann. N. H. (5) iv. pp. 343- 
349, pi. xvii. 
Contains a list of a collection of German Araneidea received from 
Von Keyserling, from Silesia. The list comprises 32 species, of which 5 
(of the genera Neriene and Walchenaerd) are described as new. 
Graber, V. Ueber das unicorneale Tracheaten- und speciell das 
Arachniden- und Myriopoden- Auge. Arch. mikr. Anat. xvii. p. 58, 
with 3 pis. 
The eyes of the following Arachnids are investigated : — Scorpionidce, 
Buihus, and Scorpio ; A^'aneidea, Epeira, Tegenaria, and Thomisus. The 
layer next beneath the cornea-lens, vitreous body, is a special development 
of the hypoderm, with which it is continuous. The so-called “ iris of 
Buthus, &c., is produced by a development of the pigment in the cells of 
the same layer, which lie beneath the circumference of the cornea-lens. 
(Cf. J. R. Micr. Soc. iii. p. 61.) 
Grenacher, H. Untersuchungen iiber des Sehorgan der Arthropoden, 
insbesondere der Spinnen, Insecten, und Crustaceen. Gottingen: 
1879, 4to, pp. 188, 11 pis. 
The eyes of some spiders are discussed(pp. 39-57), investigations are re- 
corded upon the form and structure of some of the eyes of the Phalangiidea, 
and Araneidea {Epeiridce, Lycosidce, and Salticidce). Dimorphism is widely 
spread in the eyes of the Araneidea, and it is shown (in respect to the 
retinal elements) that the muscles discovered by A. Brandt cannot (as 
hitherto supposed) act as sphincters; it is suggested that their function 
is similar to that of the outer muscles of the human eye ; and that the 
movements in the eyes of Spiders may be thus accounted for. 
