ANNULATA, ORTHONECTIDA. 
Verm, 17 
other Limicoloi witli the exception of Chcctogaster limnad ; three chief 
portions are to bo distinguished — the autiseptal, or part which lies in 
front of the dissepiment, has a ciliated infimdibuiurn ; the postseptal, or 
part behind the dissepiment, is connected with the exterior by an elongated 
efferent duct ; the orifice is always in front of the ventral setge. In 
Pachydrilus, thereis a pair developed as far forwards as the third seg- 
ment. 
(9) The testes are developed in the tenth and eleventh segments and 
are amorphous {Anachccta, Enchytreaus) or pyriform structures {PacJiy- 
drilus). The ovary is developed on the dissepiment between the eleventh 
and twelfth segments. 
(10) . The seminal ducts have no relation to the segmental organs ; and 
the same seems to be true of the oviduct. 
Vejdovsky (59) finds that the heart of Criodrilus arises from two com- 
pletely separated rudiments, which gradually approximate until they 
form an unimpaired vessel or heart : this heart is best developed in the 
median segment of the trunk. Comparisons are instituted between it 
and the heart of Ltimhriciis and of the Hermellidcc, as well as of the 
Artliropoda and Vertehrata. 
Graber (43) finds that the eye of the Choilopoda is always formed on a 
common type ; it is generally spherical in form, and has an outer portion, 
modified from the general cuticular investment, and forming the dioptric 
organ, and an inner retina, or perceptive part. Although homotypical 
with the eyes of the Traclieaia, they are not homologous, but only analo- 
gous organs ; similar analogous arrangements may be seen in the eye of 
the Cephalopoda. On this subject, see also Chatin, Ann. Sci. Nat. (6) vii. 
No. 1, pp. 22-33. 
The researches of Stossich (55) on Serptda micinaia and S. glomerata 
point to the existence in them of an invaginate Gastrula,aud of the presence 
of cilia on the inner wall of the alimentary canal, as well as on’the surface 
of the free-swimming larva ; the cleavage cavity is converted directly 
into the coelom ; the larvae attach themselves by means of a tongue- 
shaped mass, which is developed at the end of the body, beneath the 
“ anal vesicle.” 
N. Kleinenberg gives an account of his investigations into the develop- 
ment of Lumbricus ierresfris ; Q. J. Micr. Sci. xix. pp. 206-244, pis. ix.-xi. 
G. J. Hinde (J. G. Soc. xxxv. pp. 370-388, pis. xviii.-xx.) gives 
an account of Annelid jaws from certain Palaeozoic formations. He 
describes most under new specific names, but intimates that these are 
rather to be regarded as means for palaeontological reference than as 
indicating so many separate species of Annelids ; in any case, errant 
Annelids must have been abundant in Palaeozoic times, and many seem 
to have been closely related to existing forms. 
OETHONEOTIDA. 
61. Giard, a. Les Orthonectida. Olasse Nouvelle du phylum des 
Vermes. J. de I’Anat. Phys. xv. pp. 449-465, pis. xxxiv.-xxxvi. 
[See also Bull. Sci. Nord. 1879-80, pp. 338-341.] 
1879. [voL. xvr.] d 2 
