FOSSIL SPONGES. 
Spong. 15 
stid; Pharetrospongia siraliani is probably Renierid, and not Calcareous. 
A fossil Chalinay 1. c. p. 437, was found in the Upper Greensand of South 
Devon. 
Cf. also G. Mazzetti and A. Manzoni, in Atti Soc. Tosc. iv. pis. viii. 
& ix., on the Fossil Sponges of Montese. 
W. J. SoLLAS, Rep. Brit. Ass. xlix. p. 350, is reported as ascribing an 
original siliceous character to certain calcareous fossil Sponge-remains, 
and applying the same arguments to the Radiolaria of the carboniferous 
rocks. 
Holaslrella^ g. n., Carter, (1) p. 141. Composed wholly of normally 
12-rayed stellate spicules, the rays arranged asymmetrically round the 
centre of the spicule. H. conferta^ id. 1. c. pi. xxi. figs. 1-8. Upper 
carboniferous limestone near Glasgow ; converted into sulphate of 
barytes. 
Hindia^ g. n., Duncan, Ann. N. H. (5) iv. p. 91. Body free. Central 
space occupied by spicules, which form straight radiating and bifurcating 
canals opening at surface. Spicules calcareous, tripod-shaped, with four 
rays terminally swollen or fringed. II. sphwroidalis, id. 1. c. pi. ix. 
figs. 1-6. Lower Helderberg calcareous shale. New Brunswick. Assigned 
to the Tetracladine LithistidcB, or considered as representing a possible 
mimetic calcareous group of this order. Spicules traversed in some cases 
by the parasitic Palmachlya penetrans^ Duncan, pi. ix. fig. 7. 
Glenodictyum carpaticum^ Matyasovszky, described as new, from the 
Carpathian sandstone ; Term, fiizetek, ii. pp. 264 & 300. 
J. SiNzow (op. cit. supra, from the account in Zool. Jahr. Ber. Naples, 
1879) describes Lahyrintholites, g. n., evidently Hexactinellid, with octo- 
hedric imperforate crossing-nodes to the fibres. Polyscyphia and Zitteli- 
spongia, Sinzow, gg. nn., also from the chalk {op. cit). 
Under MonactinelUdcB, Zitt. (14), are included the two following new 
genera : — 
Opetionella, Zittel, p. 4, pi. xi. fig. 1 ; near Trachya, Carter. Shape 
irregular. Consists of a thick layer of closely-packed parallel acerate 
spicules, from 6-10 mm. long. From the “ Cwuieri-Planer,” near Salz- 
gitter. 
Scolior\i-h]aplii8, Zittel, ibid. pi. xii. figs. 1 & 2. Shape massive, 
irregular ; consists of a mass of wavy doubly blunt cylindrical spicules 
with ring-like swellings, mixed with plain slightly pin-headed spicules. 
Upper chalk. 
Cliona, Grant, (14) p. 6. The records of fossil species are doubtfully 
correct, the author has never found spicules in borings assigned to this 
genus. 
Fara. 3 of Zittel’s classification of LitJiistidcc, Abh. bayer. Ak. ii. Cl. xiii. 
p. 67, omitted from Zool. Rec. xv. Spong. p. 14, is as follows: — 
Fara. 3. Anomocladina. Skeleton elements consisting of four or more 
smooth arms meeting at a thickened centre, and forked at their ends; 
linear spicules also present in great numbers. Cylindrophyma, g. n., 
p. 134, pi. V. fig. 6, Upper Jura, Melonella,g. n., p. 134, pi. v. fig. 7, Upper 
Jura, Lecanella, g. n., p. 135, pi. vi. fig. 1, White Jura, Mastosia, g. n., 
p. 136, pi. vi. fig. 2, White Jura. 
