14 Moll 
MOLLUSC A. 
Biology. 
Helix fusca (Mont.), active in mid- winter, at a temperature of 26^-28*’ 
Fahr. ; Ashford, Q. J. Conch. 1877 (No. 10), p. 180. 
Bulimus pallidior (Sow.) two ye^rs and two months in a box without 
food, remaining alive. Helix veatchi (Stearns), six years under similar 
circumstances, Stearns, P. Cal. Ac. Oct. 18, 1875, = Conchological Memo- 
randa, No. xiii. of the author, also in Am. Nat. xi., Ann. N. H. (4) xix. 
p. 355, and Q. J. Conch. 1877 (No. 11), pp. 218 & 219. 
Limncea stagnalis (L.), discharging a pale violet coloured liquid [blood?] ; 
Nelson, Q. J. Conch. 1877 (No. 11), p. 216. 
“ Aplysiopurpurin,*’ colouring matter of the purple fluid emitted by 
Aplysia, and also colouring the foot of a species of Doris ^ and 
“ Janthinin,” colouring matter of the purple fluid emitted by Janthina, 
chemically and spectroscopically examined by Moseley, Q. J. Micr. Sci. (2) 
xvii. pp. 12-14, pi. ii. figs. 13-15. 
Abnormities. 
A specimen of Helix nemoralis, bearing a fleshy cylindrical appendage 
on the back of the tail, observed by P. Fischer, J. de Conch, xxv. 
pp. 211 & 212, pi. iv. fig. 4. 
Sinistral specimens of Buccinum undatum (L.) have also the internal 
organs on the reversed side; Ihering, Nachr. mal. Ges. 1877, pp. 51 
& 52. [This has long been known in sinistral specimens of land-shells.] 
Sinistral specimen of Helix aspersa (Miill.), and Wiensis (Mull.), found 
at Bristol, by Miss Hele, Q. J. Conch. No. 12, p. 248 ; of Helix virgata 
(Mont.), near Pollington, Lister Peace, ibid. No. 10, p. 174 ; of Succinea 
elegans (Risso), Baudon, J. de Conch, xxv. p. 354, pi. xi. fig. 3. 
Dextral specimen of Bulimus {Chondrula) quadridens (Mull.), which is 
normally sinistral, found by V. Gredler, Nach. mal. Ges. 1877, pp. 1 & 2. 
Distorted specimen of Succinea elegans, Baudon, J. de Conch, xxv. 
p. 354, pi. xi. fig. 4. 
Albino varieties of Helix hispida (L.), Taylor, Q. J. Conch.No.il, 
p. 216, of Bulimus ohscurus (Mull.), Miss Hele, ibid. No. 12, p. 248, of 
Clausilia biplicata (Mont.), Taylor, ibid. No. 11, p. 216, Daniels & 
Mrs. Fitzgerald, ibid. No. 12, pp. 247 & 248, of Limncca peregra (Miill.), 
Lister Peace, ibid. No. 10. p. 174. Hyaline variety of Cochlicopa \_Cio- 
nelld] lubrica (Miill.), Miss Hele, ibid. No. 12, p. 248. 
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
a. Land and Freshwater Mollusca. 
C. P. Gloyne gives general remarks on the geographical distribution 
of the terrestrial Mollusks, beginning with the northern region of the 
Palasarctic Province. Q. J. Conch. No. 13, pp. 283-288. 
C. Westerlund, “Fauna europsea Molluscorum extramarinorum,” 
