GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, PALiEONTOLOGY. Moll. 25 
6 . Australian and Antarctic Seas. 
New South Wales. 45 new marine species by G. F. Angas, P. Z. S. 
1877, pp. 34-40, pi. V,, and pp. 171-177, pi. xxvi. A list of 2 Cephalopods, 
9 Pteropods, 136 Gastropods, and 37 Bivalves, found at Port Jackson 
and the adjacent coasts of New South“Wales ; id. I, c. pp. 178-193. 
Some notes on marine shells found on the coast of South Australia ; 
id. Q. J. Conch. No. 10, pp. 178 & 179. 
Tasmania. 4 species of Cephalopods, 394 of marine Gastropods, and 
136 of marine Bivalves, enumerated hy J. E. Tenison-Woods, P. R. Soc. 
Tasm. 1877, pp. 3-34. 
Amsterdam and St. Paul Islands. 1 Cephalopod, 41 Gastropods, and 
11 Bivalves described by C. Villain, most of them new, even five new 
genera of small size. Ranella proditor (Frauenf .) the only shell of rather 
large size. Two species of Fissurella identical with South African 
species, Lasoea rubra (Mont.) even European [see, however, below, in the 
special part]. No Mytilus, no Litorina. Arch. Z. exp6r. vi. pp. 98-144, 
pis. ii.-v. Preliminary notes, containing the names, but not the descrip- 
tions, of most of the new genera and species, in C. R. Ixxxiii. pp. 284-287 ; 
abstract in J. de Conch, xxv. pp. 296-298. 
Kerguelen. 35 species of marine Mollusca enumerated, and most of them 
described, by E. A. Smith, Tr. Venus Exp. Moll. 26 pp., 9 pis. {anted, p. 6, 
note]; among them, 10 are identical with, and 8 more nearly allied to, Magel- 
lanic species. The hitherto known shells of Kerguelen Island are again 
enumerated from the papers of Kidder and Smith by Crosse, J. de 
(yonch. xxv. pp. 1-15. [Wo may mention that the Berlin Museum has 
.some species collected by the German Expedition, which are not con- 
tained in either list.] 
Palceontology of recent Species. 
The fossil Clausilia; are the subject of an elaborate treatise by 0. 
Boettger, Clausilien-Studien, 1877 (4). He points out that the oldest 
forms agree more with the recent Balea, want the clausilium, e.gr., 
sect. Triptychia, without lunella and with continuous spiral lamella. The 
clausilium was at first emarginate, as in the recent Marpessa and Alopia, 
then S-shaped, and finally rounded. Among the 40 subgenera admitted 
or established by him, one is 'only known from eocene, five others 
from miocene strata ; the rest are living, but Dilataria, Phmdusa (includ- 
ing Oospira, at present limited to Eastern Asia), Serrulina, and Lamini- 
fera are also represented in the miocene of Europe by distinct species. 
Marpessa, Alinda, and Pirostoma, containing the British and Middle- 
European species, are represented only in the pleistocene, and by iden- 
tical, not distinct, species. 
On shells from diluvial beds near Berlin, chiefly Paludina diluviana 
(Kunth) and Valvata naticina (Menke) ; Reinhardt, SB. nut Fr. 1877, 
pp. 171-174. 
