GASTROPODA (nudibranchia, pulmonata). Moll. 55 
(Dalyell), Northern Atlantic, Lofodon Islands, and Finmark, GO-1 50 
fath., incrustatus, sp. n., Finmark, 200-300 fatli., margaritaceus, sp. n., 
Stavanger, Norway, 40-60 fath., horealis, sp. n.. Northern Atlantic, Lofo- 
den Islands, 40-400 fath., sarsi, sp. n.. Fjord of Christiania, Norway, 
100-120 fath. ; Koren & Danielsen, Arch. Math. Naturvid. 1877 (separate 
print, 11 pp.). [^Solenopus is not entitled to priority, having been given 
without any description ; Tullberg, JB. Anat. Physiol, vi. 1878, p. 88, 
footnote.] 
Gralf gives, from personal examination, several additions to and expla- 
nations of Tullberg’s anatomical description of Neomenia, chiefly concern- 
ing the nervous system, stating the presence of a second simple nervous 
ring round the oesophagus, the origin of the large lateral nerves from a 
distinct lateral ganglion on both sides of the pharynx, and the presence 
of direct commissures between the longitudinal abdominal nerves, these 
commissures perforating the venous sinus. He agrees with Ihering in 
the view that Neomenia is the lowest form of Mollusks, and at the same 
time very near to Chmtoderma (Lov^n). Z. wiss. Zool. xxviii. pp. 557-570, 
with woodcuts. 
FULMONATA, 
The 8th volume of Pfeiffer’s “Monographia Heliceorum” con- 
tains the genera Bulimus^ Partula^ Auriculella (formerly a subgenus of 
AcTiatinelld)^ Achatinella^ Carelia, Columna, Rhodea, Spiraxis, Ravenia, 
Orthalicus, Perideris, Pseudachatina, Limicolaria, Achatina, Geostilbia, 
Perussacia, Azeca^ Ohacina, Strejdostylay Pupa^ Zospeum^ Pincria^ 
MacroceramuSf Cylindrella, Bcrendtia, Cosliaxis, Megaajdra, Balea, and 
Clausilia ; all the species are enumerated, with synonyms and localities, 
and the descriptions of those published after the issue of the Gth vol., 
1868, are copied from the original works. In the “ Addenda,” the new 
species of Helix, Succinea, &c., not in vol. vii., are given. 
L. Pfeiffer makes some general remarks on the systematic arrange- 
ment of the HelicidcB by different authors, with some hints towards a 
natural system. Mai. Bl. xxiv. pp. 1-14, 75-84. 
Onchidiidte. 
Peronia. H. v. Ihering insists on the fact that this genus lives between 
high and low water [which has also been observed by the Recorder], and 
defends the branchial quality of the dorsal appendages, they being well 
provided with blood-vessels. Respiration may be effected in the air by 
the pulmonary cavity at the hinder end of the animal, and in the 
water by the whole skin, aided especially by the branchial appendages. 
SB. Soc. Erlang, ix. pp. 141-144. [This was also the opinion of 
Ehrenberg.] 
Onchidium. Eyes, on the dorsal tubercles (see above in the General 
Subject, Anatomy and Physiology). The genital organs in this genus 
have been examined by O. Semper ; he arranges the 18 species, exa- 
mined anatomically, according to the cartilaginous, or softer consis- 
