BKACmOrODA. 
MoU. 89 
Moseley, H. N. On two new forms of deep-sea Ascidians, obtained 
during the voyage of H.M.S. “ Challenger.” Tr. L. S. (2) i. 
pp. 287-204, pi. xliv. 
Sa LENSKY, W. Etudes sur les Bryozoaires entoproctes. Ann. Sci. Nat. 
V. Nos. 3-5, 59 pp., 4 pis. 
. Ueber die Knospung der Salpen. Morph. JB. iii. pp. 549-602, 
pis. xxviii.-xxx. 
Vogt, 0. Sur le Loxosoma pliascolosomatum. Arch. Z. exper. vi. 
pp. 305-357, with 4 pis. ; also Q. J. Micr. Sci. 1877, pp. 354-376, 
pi. xxii. 
BRACHIOPODA. 
J. H^irouard examines the currents of water produced by the ciliated 
arms within the pallial cavity of the Brachiopods, imitating them by 
an apparatus of perforated leaden tubes and flexible bristles ; he comes 
to the conclusion that in Argiope this circulatory apparatus is the least per- 
fect, and that Morrisia, Terehratula, and Crania form an ascending line 
from Argiope to Lingula, in which it is the most perfect ; Thecidium and 
Rhynchonella cannot be comprised in the same ascending line, but their 
degree of perfection is between Terehratula and Crania. In Lingula, 
Crania, Rhynchonella, and Thecidium the currents form a distinct whorl 
near the mouth, which is wanting in Argiope, Morrisia, and Terehratula. 
J. de Conch, xxv. pp. 229-241. 
The two channels opening with a funnel-shaped orifice into the visceral 
cavity, and with another outside, regarded by former anatomists as 
hearts, by others as oviducts, are probably homologous to the organ of Bo- 
janus in the Lamellibranchs, and therefore excretory organs, as had been 
already snpposed by Huxley ; Griesbacii, Arch. f. Nat. xliii. p. 101. 
General observations on the organization and systematic place of the 
Brachiopoda, by T. Davidson, in Ann. Mai. Belg. x. [1875]. 
W. H. Ball (Bull. U. S. Mus. No. 8, supra) gives an alphabetical 
index of names applied to the class, orders, tribes, families, genera, sub- 
genera, and sections of the Brachiopoda, previous to 1877 (excluding 
those before the 10th edn. of the Syst. Nat.), with indications of the date, 
and bibliographical and critical observations. He also adds a systematic 
list of the genera, and lists of genera of uncertain position, of others not 
restricted to Brachiopoda, or wrongly referred to the group, and of the 
Linnean species and their modern equivalents, with tables showing the 
known distribution of the chief divisions in geological time. All those 
living in Cretaceous times have endured until now ; all now living had 
Palaeozoic representatives, but half the Palajozoic families do not appear 
to have survived the Mesozoic changes. 
List of Brachiopods from the coasts of Spain and Portugal ; G. 
Hidalgo, Mol. mar. Esp. {anted, p. 3], part 13. 
List of Brachiopods dredged off Marseilles at depths of from 60 to 350 
metres, by A. F. Marion, Rev. Montp. iv. [1876, March], and J. de 
Conch, xxv. p. 299. 
