rOLYZOA. 
Moll, 9o 
stomaia by the division of the ab-oral face into two parts, one of which 
acts as a sucker (ventouse). The transformation of the larva to the adult is 
in all cases by degeneration and succeeding new formation of the organs, 
the pretended direct transformation in the Endo^irocta being an error of 
observation. But the degenerate fatty matter of the larva either rests 
inactive in the further course of development and is finally destroyed, or 
takes part in the new formation of the polypid, especially its wall and 
muscles. In the first case, the larval organization is quite transitional, 
and a strange aberrant link in the chain of development (theory of All- 
man and Nitsche) ; in the other, the mass of the two inner layers of the 
larva goes over into tho two inner layers of the adult, though mingled 
and indirectly, and this proceeding may bo termed a metamorphosis of 
the organs (theory of Ulianin). From this point of view, the oral face 
of the larva is homologous with the tentacular sheath of the adult ; the 
intestine of the larva with that of the adult ; the ab-oral face of the 
larva with the ectocyst ; the vestibule of the larva (especially in the 
Endoprocta) with the intra- tentacular space of the adult ; and the out- 
side skin of the larva with the cup (calyce) of the adult. The curved 
form of the intestine in the Polyzoa results from closing the rim-like 
aperture of the digestive cavity of the embryo, and both orifices of the 
intestine are, in the first stage of all forms which have been observed, 
situated in the intra-tentacular space ; it is only in the Endoprocta that 
this state continues also in the adult. The affinity of the Polyzoa to 
the Rotifera and the Brachiopoda is corroborated by the general history 
of their development. 
E. Ray Lankester classifies the Bryozoa as a class of Mollusca^ with 
the new name Tentaculihranchia, and subdivides them as follows : — 
Branch A. Ilolohranchia; grade a. Ectoprocta\ ord. 1, Phylactolocma 
ord. 2, Gymnolccma 
grade n. Entoprocta ; ord., Pedicellinea 
Branch B. Pterohranchia\ ord., Podostoma\ unique Uhahdo- 
plmra. 
Q. J. Micr. Sci. xvii. pp. 448. 
32 species of Polyzoa collected off the coasts of Iceland and 16 off 
Labrador by Dr. Wallich are enumerated, those new or otherwise 
remarkable described, and their geographical distribution in the Arctic 
regions indicated, by T. Hincks, Ann. N. H. (4) xix. pp. 97-112. 
11 new species from the British coasts and 1 new to Britain described; 
id. op. cit. XX. pp. 212-218. 
A list of 78 Bryozoa found at Roscoff, by L. Joliet, Arch. Z. exp^r. 
vi. pp. 281-298. 22 among them are limited to the littoral zone between 
high and low water, 23 to deeper stations below tho lowest tide, and 13 
found in both zones. 
A list of 32 Polyzoa collected by Capt. W. H. Cawne during a voyage 
to Australia and the Pacific, determined by Miss Gatty, P. Liverp. Soc. 
1877, No. xxxi. pp. Ixxii. & Ixxiii. It is to be regretted that the localities 
for the individual species are not stated. 
