EMBRYOLOGY, CONTRIBUTIONS TO FAUNAS. Grud, 7 
mally seven, but increased or diminished in several genera, and he thinks 
this number to be important for making out the “ phylogeny ” of the 
various Decapoda. Jen. Z. Nat. xi. pp. 187-296, pis. xiii.-xv. 
The first stages of development in the egg of the common crayfish are 
described by H. Reichenbacii, Z. wiss. Zool. xxix. pp. 123-166, 
pis. x.-xvii.; recapitulation of the chief results, pp. 167-171 ; comparison 
with the statements of other authors, and the development of other 
Articulata, pp. 171-191. Abstract by P. Mayer in JB. Anat. Phys. vi. 
pp. 162 & 163. In an appendix, pp. 263-266, the author states that his 
observations on the crayfish agree generally as to facts \<^ith those made 
by P. Mayer iu Eupagurus prideauxi^ but that his interpretation is in 
many particulars different ; he tries to reconcile some of these dif- 
ferences. 
F. Muller, referring to a doubt expressed by Spence Bate, maintains 
his view that the Nauplius described by himself in 1863 is really the 
larva of Penceus ; although neither the transformation in the same indi- 
vidual, nor the origin from the egg of a PencBus, has been actually observed, 
the single forms, which have been observed, are so closely linked as to 
form a nearly continuous series, and no known Crustacean of any other 
family can with any probability be supposed to be the adult form of 
them. Z. wiss. Zool. xxx. pp. 163-166. 
The development within the egg of Cyclops, Diaptomus, Temora, and 
Canthocamptus is described by P. P. C. Hoek, Niederl. Arch. Zool.iv. pp. 
65-74, pis. V. & vi. Concerning the genital organs, the statements of Prof. 
Claus are generally confirmed. The Gastrula, the orifice of which becomes 
also here the vent of the adult animal, and the Nauplius stage are 
described. 
The formation of the eggs in Balanus in the ovary and the structure of 
its Nanplius-stage is described in Dutch by Hoek in an Academical dis- 
sertation (Leiden : 1876), and also in German iu Niederl. Arch. Zool. iii. 
[1876] pp. 47-83, pis. iii. & iv. 
Contributions to Faunas. 
Palcearciic Freshwater Crustacea. 
The Phyllopoda living in Sweden and neighbouring northern regions 
are enumerated by V. Lilljeborg, N. Act. Upsal. (3) ix. a, 20 pp. The 
species will be mentioned below. The most northern of them is Apus 
glacialis (Kroyer) found in Spitzbergen, Beeren Island, Greenland, Nova 
Zembla, and Lapland. 
Gammarus pidex found in lakes of the Tundra, near Doudino, 
Siberia, at 69'^ N. lat., and Idotea entomon (dead specimen) on the banks 
of the Yenissei River in the same latitude ; H. Th<5el, Relation do 
I’expedition Suedoise de 1876 au Yenissei, Upsala : 1877, p. 33. 
Ninety-six species of Cladocera observed in Bohemia are enumerated 
and described by B. Hellich, Arch. Landesdurchf. Bohm. iii. sect. iv. 
pt. ii. ; they belong to the following families: — Sididee 4 spp., Ilolope- 
didee 1, Daphnidee 39, Bosminidcc 5, Lyncodaphnidtx 8, Lynceidee 37, Poly- 
