26 Orust. 
CEUSTACEA. 
PHYLLOPODA. 
A. Gerstacker, uniting the Phyllopoda with the Cladocera and 
Ostracoda into one order, Branchiopoda, arranges them as follows : — 
Subord. 1. Ostracoda. 
Subord. 2. BrancMopoda genuina. 
Sect. 1. B. palliata. 
Subsect. 1. Diplostraca. Tribe 1. Cladocera. 
Tribe 2. Bolostraca. 
Fam. Limnetidce and Limnadiidoi. 
Subsect. 2. Monostraca. Tribe 3. Monostraca. 
Fam. Apodidce. 
Sect. 2. B. gymnota . . Tribe 4. Gymnota. 
Fam. Branchiptodidce. 
Subord. 3. Branchiura . . Fam. ArguUna. 
He adds many general observations on the biology, geographical, and 
paloBontological distribution of these animals. Klass. u. Ordn. d. Thier- 
reichs, Arthropodon, pt. 22, pp. 1026-1079. 
F. Brauer has reared several species of Phyllopoda from eggs con- 
tained in mud sent from foreign localities ; for most of them, it seems 
necessary that the eggs remain for some time in dry mud, otherwise they 
will not develop. Development will begin when they are again sur- 
rounded by water, of which the temperature is somewhat rapidly increased. 
The author used melting ice very successfully for this purpose, as the 
eggs can sustain both frost and intense solar heat. By these qualities, 
the animals are preserved from many enemies, the eggs of which cannot 
endure exsiccation or such wide differences of temperature, and they will 
in the course of nature be hatched in spring in sufficient time before 
desiccation of puddles and ponds. All Phyllopoda, however, have not these 
capabilities ; the eggs of Lepidurus productus, for example, perish, when 
dried up. SB. Ak. Wien, Ixxv. pp. 583-588. 
Beanchipodid.®. 
Branchipus stagnalis (L.) = lacunce (Guerin, Baird, Grube) = hraueri 
(Frauenfeld), Upsala ; Lilljeborg, N. Act. Upsala (3) ix. a. p. 3. 
Branchipus paladosus (0. F. Miill.) = mkldendorffianus (Fischer) = 
Branchinecta paludosus (Verrill), Norway and Lapland ; id. 1. c. p. 4. 
Branchipus (Branchinecta) arcticus (Verrill) in a small freshwater lake 
and in a stream under ice at Discovery Bay, Grinnell Land, 81° lat. N. ; 
Miers, Ann. N. II. (4) xx. p. 105. 
Branchipus ahiadi, Tura-el-chadra, on the White Nile, B. {Chiro- 
cephalus) hairdi, Jerusalem, carnuntanus, Parndorfer Heide, Austria, 
recticornis, Tunis, {Branchiriecta) ferus, Jerusalem, {Streptocephalus) 
vitreus, Tura-el-chadra, spp. nn., dindi prohoscideus (Frauenfeld, Verb. z.-b. 
Wien, 1873), Chartum, fully described by F. Brauer, SB. Ak. Wien, 
1877, pp. 593-607, pis. ii.-vi. 
G. W. Sciimankewitsch has again stated that Artemia muelhauseni 
