4 Arachn. 
ARACHNIDA. 
and 11 new species of Ctenidce, and 4 new species of Oxyopuhe, are cha- 
racterized and described, portions of structure being also figured. 
Koch, Ludwig. Lie Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben 
und abgebildet. Niirnberg : 1877, pts. 20 & 21, pis. Ixxvii.-lxxxiv. 
The continuation of the work {^cf. Zool. Rep. xiii. AracJm, p. 3]. 39 
species, of which 35 are new to science, are described and figured. 
Lebert, Hermann. Die Spinnen der Schweiz, ihr Bau, ihr Leben, ihre 
systematische Uebersicht. N. Denk. schw. Ges. xxvii. pp. 1-321, 
pis. i.-vi. 
An important work. Pt. 1 (pp. 1-27) treats fully upon the structure 
of spiders ; pt. 2 (pp. 27-68) on their life, habits, and economy ; 
pt. 3 (pp. 68-88) on the geographical distribution of those indigenous 
to Switzerland. The remainder of the work is occupied by descriptions 
of species. The number of known Swiss spiders is 435 : OrUtelarioi 64, 
lietitelarioi 92, Tuhitelarice 126, Territelarioi 1, Thomisidce 54, Lyco^idoi 
53, Attidcb 65. These are divided among 7 families and 77 genera. 
The genera most numerously represented are Ej>eira, 30 species, 
Linyphia 24, Theridium (including Fhyllonethis, NesUcus, Aaagena, 
Steatoda, and Lithyphantes) 21, Erigonc 20, Tegenaria 13, Drassus (and 
Drassodea) 18, Pythonissa 9, Amaurobius 8, Clubiona 19, Thomisus 
(including Thomisus, Dicsa, Xysticus, Misumena, and Oxyptilci) 34, Philo- 
dromus 12, Lycosa (including Aulqnia, Tarentula, Trochosa, and Lycosa) 
43, Heliophanus 12, Attus 14. 16 species are described as new, and belong 
to Epeiridce, Theridiidce, Agelenidce, Drassidce, Lycosidce, slu. 3. Salticidce. 
The plates contain some excellent, and highly-magnified, details of struc- 
ture, especially of the male palpi of some of the species ; the various 
parts of the male palpal organs, and female genital aperture, are also 
figured, in detail. A list is added (pp. 314 & 316) of 25 species of Swiss 
Opiliones (Phalangidea) and 8 species of Cheriietidce (Pseudo-scorpiones). 
Menge, a. Preussische Spinnen. ix. Fortsetzung. Schr. Ges. Danz. 
(n. f.) iii. pp. 455-494, pis. Ixxvi.-lxxxi. [cf. Zool. Rec. xiii. Arachn. 
p. 3], 
Continues the work, and contains the genus Dioea, Thor., fam. 
Thomisidce (1 sp.), and a portion of the fam. SalticidcB (21 spp.). 3 new 
genera of the latter are characterized, and 4 new species described. 
Murray, Andrew. Economic Entomology. One of the South Ken- 
sington Museum Science Handbooks. London ; 1877, pp. 1-374, 
with numerous woodcuts. 
Includes under the head of “ Aptera ” all the Arachnidous orders, 
together with the Woodlice, Myriapods, Lice, and Springtaila. [It is not 
easy to see the advantage of thus recurring to an old and exploded 
classification, even for the sake of practical convenience.] The scorpions 
and their allies {Cheliferce, Phrynus, Thelyphonus, and Galeodes') are 
shortly noticed (pp. 34-43) ; their known or reputed venomous qualities 
being the chief points noted. The Araneidea occupy pp. 43-92, and are 
considered almost wholly beneficial to man. The reputed venom of 
Latrodectus malmignatus and Lycosa tarentula is discussed (pp. 65-68), 
