PROCTOTRYPIDiE, CYNlPIDvE. 
Ins, 113 
Oxylahis, Forst. {Lyteha^ Thoms.), Belyta, and Ismarus. The like 
treatment ; 0. erythropyga, Forst., B. hrachyptera^ Thoms., sanguinolenta^ 
Nees, fig. 3, hrachyura^ Thoms., fig. 4, longipennis^ Thoms., fig. 5, fusci- 
cornis, Nees, fig. 6, suhaptera, Thoms., fig. 7, I. neesi, Forst., fig. 8 , dorsiger^ 
Curtis, fig. 9 ; id. 1. c. pp. 38 & 39, pi. xxv. 
Mymar duisburgi, sp. n., J. P. E. F. Stein, MT. Miinch. ent. Ver. i. 
p. 30, in amber, Ostseestrande (see Duisburg, Schr. Qes. Konigsb. ix. 
18G8, pp. 23-28, pi). 
Cynipid^. 
Adler, — . Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Cynipidon. Deutsche 
E. Z. 1877, pp. 209-248. 
Biological observations on,'l. Parthenogenesis in Mhodites rosm ; 2, 
Alternation in generation of Cynipidm ; a, in Neuroterus, resulting in 
Spathogaster albipes being bred from eggs laid by N. fumipennis, 
Neuroterus lenticularis from galls of Spathogaster baccarum, and Neuro- 
terus numismatis from galls of Spathogaster vesicatrix ; B, in Dryo- 
phanta^ resulting in D. scutellaris and Trigonaspis crustalis being 
respectively the winter and summer forms of the same species, and in 
probably a similar alliance between Dryophanta longiventris and Spatho- 
gaster taschenbergi ; c, in AphilothriXy resulting in Aphilothrix radicis 
being bred from galls of Andricus noduli, and in the probability of a 
similar connection between Aphilothrix sieboldi and Andricus testaceipes. 
The identity of Aphilothrix corticis^ L., and rhizoma3\^-matis'], Htg., is also 
averred. This paper is also recorded in Pet. Nouv. ii. p. 142, by Lich- 
toiistoin ; and in Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5) vii. p. xo. ; also in Ent. M. M. xiv. 
p. 44, Verb. z.-b. Wien, xxvii. SB. p. 20, and Ent. Naolu’. iii. p. 151. 
It is commented upon, and taken as corroborating the former expe- 
riences of H. F. Bassett with regard to agamous reproduction in Cynips 
quercus-operator and C. q.-batatus (P), which were followed in the next 
generation by a brood composed entirely of females ; H. F, Bassett, 
Canad. Ent. ix. p. 121. P. Cameron, Scot. Nat. iv. pp, 152-167, discuss- 
ing the question of alternation of generation (nearly the same as 
Walsh’s “Dimorphism”), considers it clear that Adler’s hypothesis is 
erroneous and not consistent with fact. The rareness of the $ in various 
species is again mentioned (with instances of similar rarity of the $ in 
Tenthredinidm ) . 
. Lege-Apparat uhd Eierlegen der Gallwespen. Tom. cit. pp. 
305-332, pi. ii. 
An elaborate discussion of the analogies, structure (musculai*, &c.), and 
functions of the ovipositor in the Cynipidm. 
C. G. Thomson, Opusc. Ent. (fasc. viii.) pp. 778-820, characterizes the 
Swedish species, adopting 4 tribes for the whole family, Cynipina^ A llo- 
triinay Figitinay and Ibaliina. The Cynipina include Cynips (in which 
Biorrhiza, TeraSy and many other genera are sunk), RhoditeSy Aulax 
(including Sapholytus, &c.), and Synergus. 
1877. [vOL. XIV.] 
B 26 
