6 J57c/i. 
ECHINODERMATA. 
tive details on the actiuostome, the spines, the apical disk, &c. ; S. vari- 
sjpma, Ag., is referred to Feltaster. 
The following new species (or new to the Mediterranean fauna) are 
described and figured by Gasco (7) : — Metalia costce, sp. n. (1. c. p. 4, figs. 
1 & 2) ; Echinocardium flavescenSj Ag. (p. 6, fig. 3). The following are 
described and figured in Wy ville Thomson’s “ The Atlantic ” : — Salenia 
varispina, Ag. (i. pp 145 & 146) ; Phormosoma uranus, sp. n. (pp. 146 & 
147) (1090 fathoms, S.E. of Cape St. Vincent) j hormacantha, sp. n., 
W. Th. (South Sea, east of Sydney, 400 fathoms) ; Aceste bellidifera, 
g. & sp. nn. (pp. 396-398) (off Gomera Island, 600 fathoms, and 2500 
fathoms, off Sandy Hook) ; Calymne relictaj g. & sp. nn. (pp. 396-398) 
(Gulf Stream, 2650 fathoms) ; Goniocidaris canaliculata^ Ag. (ii. p. 224), 
Cidaris nutrix^W. Th. (p. 227) ; Hemiaster philippH (Gr.) (pp. 229-234); 
Aerope roatrata^ g. & sp. nn. [Zool. Rec. xiii. Ech. p. 12*^] (i. pp. 380-382) 
(Gulf Stream, 1210 fathoms). From the descriptions of the new genera 
the following preliminary information may be gathered : — 
Calymne^ allied to the Ananchytidce. Test oval, with a longitudinal 
ridge above, nearly flat below ; a peripherical fasciole ; mouth oval (in the 
longitudinal direction), placed anteriorly ; apical system disjunct ; two 
ovaries, and two ovarian pores, answering to the anterior interambu- 
lacra ; vent posterior ; ambulacral pores single, minute. 
Aceste^ allied to Pourtalesia. Test oval, depressed ; apex with two 
ovarian apertures near the posterior extremity ; mouth at the bottom of 
a deep anterior groove ; nearly the whole of the dorsal surface occupied 
by a large depression ; vent posterior ; apical system not disjunct ; feet 
of the odd ambulacrum with large flower-like terminal disks ; pores of the 
paired ambulacra single. 
Rhahdocidaris recens^ sp. n., Troschel (26) (Singapore), probably iden- 
tical with R. hispinosa, (Lmk. ?) Loriol. Crenulated tubercles are 
found in several recent CidaridcG. 
Lockington (12) adds several now localities for various exotic Sea- 
urchins. 
Asteridj;. 
Ludwig’s (14, 5) researches have elucidated and partly, it is probable, 
settled some of the most intricate and disputed points in the anatomy of 
Starfishes, which have during late years been studied by various ob- 
servers without attaining at definite results, the observations recorded 
being, to a certain degree, contradictory. As such points, the following 
are here noticed : — The pore-canals of the madreporite only commu- 
nicate with the aquiferous system, viz., the stone-canal and its ampulla. 
A ring-muscle of the annular aquiferous vessel does not exist. The 
“corpuscles of Tiedemann” communicate with that vessel, not with 
the perihaemal, or with the true sanguiferous systems. The “ gill-like 
organ” of Greeff is identical with the “ heart” of Tiedemann ; this organ 
(analogous to the “ dorsal organ ” of Orinoids) is really contractile and a 
* Zool. Hec. xiii. Ech. 12, 16th line from bottom, for one ambulacrum read odd 
ambulacrum. — C. F. L. 
