SPONQIDA. 
2 S ^ ong . 
13. Payer, Julius. lucidental notice of occurrence of Hyalonemata. 
Austrian Arctic Voyage. London : 1876. Yol. ii. p. 93, & fig. 
14. Schmidt, E. Oscar. Das liarven-Stadium von Ascetta primordialis 
imd Ascetta clathrus. Arch. mikr. Auat. xiv. p. 249, pis. xv. & xvi. 
15. SciiUPFNER, Oscar. Beschreibung einiger neuer Kalkschwaemme. 
Jen. Z. Nat. xi. p. 403, pis. xxiv., xxv., & xxvi. 
16. Schulze, F. E. Untersuchungen ueber den Bau unddie Entwicke- 
lung der Spongien ; Die Gattung Halisarca. Z. wiss. Zool. xxviii. 
p. 1, pis. 
17. . Untersuchungen, &c. ; Die Familie der Chondrosidce. Op. cit. 
xxix. p. 87, pis. viii. & ix. 
18. Smith, S. I., & Harger, O. Report on the Dredgings in the region 
of St. George’s Banks in 1872. Tr. Conn. Acad. iii. [1874] p. 65, 
pi. vii. fig. 1. 
19. SoLLAS, W. J. On the Changes produced in the Siliceous Skele- 
tons of certain Sponges by the action of Caustic Potash. Ann. N. 
H. (4) XX. p. 285, pi. ix. 
20. Waller, J. G. On a new British Sponge of the genus Microciona. 
M. Micr. Journ. xviii. p, 261. 
2L Wright, E. P. On a new Genus and Species of Sponge [Kalli- 
spongia archcri\. P. R. Irish Ac. (2) ii. pp. 754-756, pi. xl. 
22. Zittel, Karl A. Studies on Fossil Sponges. I. Hexactinellida. 
Ann. N. H. (4) xx. pp. 257, 405, & 501 ; Translated from Abh. 
bayer. Ak. (2 Cl.) xiii.* pp. 1-63. 
Cf. also Pascoe’s “ Zoological Classification ” (London : 1877), 
pp. 10-12, for characters of chief groups, and list of families and chief 
genera. 
Genera, Species, &c., referred to. 
Order Carnosa. 
Halisarca lobularis, Schmidt, (16) p. 1, figured. Anatomy minutely 
described (also the development, vide infra). It includes six colour varie- 
ties (named ccerulea^ violacea, rubra, purpurea, brunnea, pallida), which 
may prove to be species. Is best recognized by its velvety surface and 
ear-like marginal appendages. The egg-capsules lie in the mesoderm. 
Consists mainly of a chambered dermal layer and a basal ‘ beam net- 
work.’ Is probably identical with Chondrosia tuberculata, Sdt. Sexes 
divided among different individuals. 
Halisarca dajardini, Johnst., (16) figured. Structure described ; no 
“ beam-net ” tissue ; ectoderm unciliated ; mesoderm traversed by fibres. 
* Zittel’s ‘Studien iiber fossile Spongien. Erste Abtheilung, i. HexactinelUdce,' 
was published in the first part of vol. xiii. Abh. bayer. Ak., bearing date 
1878.— Ed. 
