NEW GENERA AND SPECIES, ANATOMY, &C. Spong. 7 
Halichondria birotulata^ Higgin (7), p. 290, pi. xiv. figs. 11-15. Very 
remarkable in possessing a minute birotulate spicule, resembling those of 
Meyerina ; Caraccas and Jamaica. 
Microciona hihamigera, Waller (20), p. 261, Torbay. 
Amorphina caspia, Gremma (6 5), p. 29, pi. ix. figs. 1 & 2, Caspian Sea. 
Reniera flava^ Gremma (6 a), p. 80, pi. ii. figs. 11 & 12, pi. iii. fig. 1 ; 
cf. also (6 Z>), p. 31, pi. ix. fig. 3. 
Metschnikowia tuherculata, Gremma (6 5), p. 31, pi. Yxii. fig. 17, pi. ix. 
fig. 4. Internally isodictyal, of short spined acerates ; detached columns 
of spicula radiate. from central mass. M. intermedia, id. (6 a), p. 82, pi. ii. 
fig. 13 ; (6 h) p. 37. 
Semisuherites, Carter (3). A Halichondria, related to Suberites, Sdt., 
very closely by its smooth acuates and spinulates (these are sub- 
terminally inflated). Sem. arctica, p. 40, pi. i. fig. 1, Smith Sound, Cape 
Napoleon, 50 fathoms ; Spitzbergen. 
Donatia parasitica, Higgin (7), p. 294, pi. xiv. figs. 6-8. Remark- 
able for its stellates with dendritically-headed rays. 
HexactinellidA. 
Eurete farreopsis. Carter (2), p. 122, pi. ix. figs. 1-7. Like Aphro- 
callistes beatrix, but anastomosing ; a remarkably capitate scopuline, and 
a four-ray branched rosette spicule, &c. ; nodes of fibre microspined ; 
Philippines. 
Hyalonema anomalum, Bowerbahk (1), p. 461. Distinguished from 
other Hyalonemata by the absence of a cord, and the presence of rosettes ; 
Cebu. 
Calcarea. 
Ascaltis compressa, Schuffner (15), p. 404, pi. xxv. fig. 9, Mauritius. 
Ascandra tenuis, id. 1. c. p. 406, pi. xxv. fig. 8, Hoidingsoe, Norway. 
Leucaltis nausicacc, p. 407, pi. xxiv. figs. 1 & 3, Corfu, curva, p. 409, 
pi. xxiv. fig. 2, Barbadoes ; id. 1. c. 
Lencandra echinata, p. 411, pi. xxiv. fig. 4, claviformis, p. 414, pi. xxiv. 
fig. 5, and falcigera, p. 416, pi. xxv. fig. 6, Mauritius, elongata, p. 418, 
pi. xxv. fig. 7, Norway ; id. 1. c. 
Sycortis sycilloides, id. 1. c. p. 420, pi. xxv. fig. 10, Mauritius. 
Sycandra tabulata, p. 422, pi. xxv. fig. 11, Mauritius, quadrata, p. 425, 
pi. xxvi. fig. 12, Mandal, Norway, borealis, p. 427, pi. xxvi. fig. 13, 
Hongesund, Norway, barbadensis, p. 429, pi. xxvi. fig. 14, Barbadoes ; id. 
1. c. 
General Anatomy, Development, &c. 
Outward shape influenced by breeding- time in some cases (Halisarca) 
(16), owing to great development of a subjacent layer. Colour similarly 
affected. 
“ Dermis” in Halisarca, of fused ectoderm and endoderm (16) contains 
the ciliated chambers. 
“ Syncytium” found in Halisarca dujardini (16) with traces of cellular 
origin, lying on a flat-celled layer ; no cilia; also in Calcarea (10 & 14), 
and Chondrosia (17). 
